2.3 Carbohydrates and Lipids Flashcards
What are carbohydrates composed of?
Monomers called monosaccharides
What is the function of monosaccharides?
Immediate energy source for cells
What is an example of a monosaccharide?
Glucose, galactose, fructose
What is the function of a disaccharide?
Helps transport sugar.
What is an example of a disaccharide?
Lactose, maltose, sucrose
What is the function of a polysaccharide?
Energy storage, or cell structure, role in cell recognition.
What is an example of a polysaccharide?
cellulose, glycogen, and starch
What is the function of cellulose?
It is found in the structure of cell walls.
What is the function of starch?
Plant energy storage.
What is the function of glycogen?
Energy storage formed in animals’ liver.
What are fatty acids?
Long hydrocarbon chains that are found in lipids such as triglycerides and phospholipids.
What are saturated fatty acids?
-have no double bounds
-linear
-originate from animals
-solid at room temp.
What are unsaturated fatty acids?
-have double bonds
-bent
-originate from plants
-liquid at room temp.
What is a cis (unsaturated) fatty acid?
The hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon double bond are on the SAME side.
What is a trans (unsaturated) fatty acid?
The hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon double bond are on DIFFERENT sides.
What are the key properties of lipids?
Energy content, density, solubility, and insulation
What are triglycerides?
Largest class of lipids and store long-term energy. (can be unsaturated or saturated)
How are triglycerides formed?
A condensation reaction between 3 fatty acids and one glycerol, with a byproduct of 3 H2O molecules.
What is the function of low density lipoproteins (LDL)?
They package and carry cholesterol from the liver to the rest of the body. (bad)
What is the function high density lipoproteins (HDL)?
They scavenge excess cholesterol and carry it back to the liver for disposal. (good)
What are the differences between carbohydrates and lipids?
SODAS
Storage (short-term vs long-term)
Osmolality (more effect vs less effect on osmotic pressure of a cell)
Digestion (easier vs harder)
ATP Yield (store less energy vs more energy)
Solubility (easier vs harder to transport in blood stream)
