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IB Bio HL 23-24' > 2.3 Carbohydrates and Lipids > Flashcards

2.3 Carbohydrates and Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

What are carbohydrates composed of?

A

Monomers called monosaccharides

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2
Q

What is the function of monosaccharides?

A

Immediate energy source for cells

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3
Q

What is an example of a monosaccharide?

A

Glucose, galactose, fructose

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4
Q

What is the function of a disaccharide?

A

Helps transport sugar.

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5
Q

What is an example of a disaccharide?

A

Lactose, maltose, sucrose

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6
Q

What is the function of a polysaccharide?

A

Energy storage, or cell structure, role in cell recognition.

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7
Q

What is an example of a polysaccharide?

A

cellulose, glycogen, and starch

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8
Q

What is the function of cellulose?

A

It is found in the structure of cell walls.

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9
Q

What is the function of starch?

A

Plant energy storage.

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10
Q

What is the function of glycogen?

A

Energy storage formed in animals’ liver.

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11
Q

What are fatty acids?

A

Long hydrocarbon chains that are found in lipids such as triglycerides and phospholipids.

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12
Q

What are saturated fatty acids?

A

-have no double bounds
-linear
-originate from animals
-solid at room temp.

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13
Q

What are unsaturated fatty acids?

A

-have double bonds
-bent
-originate from plants
-liquid at room temp.

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14
Q

What is a cis (unsaturated) fatty acid?

A

The hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon double bond are on the SAME side.

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15
Q

What is a trans (unsaturated) fatty acid?

A

The hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon double bond are on DIFFERENT sides.

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16
Q

What are the key properties of lipids?

A

Energy content, density, solubility, and insulation

17
Q

What are triglycerides?

A

Largest class of lipids and store long-term energy. (can be unsaturated or saturated)

18
Q

How are triglycerides formed?

A

A condensation reaction between 3 fatty acids and one glycerol, with a byproduct of 3 H2O molecules.

19
Q

What is the function of low density lipoproteins (LDL)?

A

They package and carry cholesterol from the liver to the rest of the body. (bad)

20
Q

What is the function high density lipoproteins (HDL)?

A

They scavenge excess cholesterol and carry it back to the liver for disposal. (good)

21
Q

What are the differences between carbohydrates and lipids?

A

SODAS
Storage (short-term vs long-term)
Osmolality (more effect vs less effect on osmotic pressure of a cell)
Digestion (easier vs harder)
ATP Yield (store less energy vs more energy)
Solubility (easier vs harder to transport in blood stream)

IB Bio HL 23-24' (10 decks)

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