2.4 Naming Acids Flashcards
Acids can be either Binary or oxyacids
Binary acids are typically just made up of two elements. Hydrogen and 1 othther
* Think HCl
However, its just two elements, but it can be more than one of each
* For instance H2S is considered binary - its only 2 elements but theres more than one of the hydrogen (still considered binary)
* The key is that theres only 2 different kinds of atoms
So really we’ve named 4 sets of compounds so far
* Covalent
* Ionic
* Oxyacids
* Binary acids
We would start by differenitating which one it is then naming
HCl - binary acis
Hydrochloric acid
Binary acids always start off w/ hydro and end w/ ic
* and what goes in the middle is indicitive of what that other element is
NOTE: these are also molecule compounds - made up of only non metals (Hydrogen is considered a non metal)
* so you can also name them as molecular compounds
* However, you would only name them as an acid when they are dissolved in water
HCl (aq) - hydrocholric acid
H2S (aq) - hydrosulfuric acid
H2Se(aq) - hydroselenic acid
* so it looks like when you’re naming the second element you stop before the vowel and add ic acid afterwards
if you can always relate them back to the binary acid hydrocholric acid its easy to name these
again when dissolved in water we call them acids
* Hydro ic acid <— this is our formula for naming binary acids
* add the other element in the middle
Oxyacids - always have a polyatomic ion attached to it - These acids are essentially hydrogen ions bonded to a polyatomic ion that contains oxygen
H2SO3
* so these have the polyatomic ions
* SO3^2- = sulfite. when naming oxyacids drop the ite and it become ous acid
* also note there is no hydro infront of this, it is reserved for binary acids
* Sulfurous acid
* appendisiteous
H2SO4
* This is sulfate (SO4^2-). When naming the ate’s as acids drop the ate and add ic acid
* also note there is no hydro on the front of this - that hydro prefix is reversed purely for the binary acids not the oxyacids
* Sulfuric acid
* i ate something discusting and said ic
We need to know SO3^2- has a -2 charge on it, meaning we add 2 H+’s on the front of it
HNO2 is what name?
NO2- = nitrite
HNO2 = nitrous acid
* no hydro becaue its an oxyacid
* appenditeous
* if its ite add ous
HNO3 name
oxyacid (contains that polyatomic ion)
NO3- = nitrate
* i ate something disgusting ic
HNO3 = nitric acid
* no hydro because its not binary
Cl, Br, I (all in the same group = 7) don’t just have 1 oxyacid, they have 4 of them (meaning they have more than 1 polyatomic I think)
Lets look at Cl first
HClO = ClO- = hypochlorite
* Will turn the ite into ous
* Hypochlorous acid -new
HClO = ClO2- = Chlorite
* Will turn the ite into ous
* Chlorous Acid
HClO3 = ClO3- = Chlorate
* Will turn the ate into ic
* HClO3 = Chloric acid <– we learned this previously
HClO4 = ClO4- = Perchlorate
* Will turn the ate into ic
* HClO4 = Perchloric acid -new
Br / I also have the same set of 4 which are named the exact same way
Remember, we name Binary acids if they’re dissolved in liquid (aqueous) if not we just name them as molecular compounds (because both hydrogen and Br are both non metals)
The first step is identifying that its a binary acid
* then remember binary acids take on the prefix hydro and the suffix ic acid
HydroBormic Acid
Bromine <– so you take off the letters after the vowel near the end and add ic acid
This is tricky because you have to know its talking about a binary acid, not an oxyacid
Sulfate, sulfite, and sulfur all look common
However this is talking about the element sulfur
* you can figure this out because it has the prefix hydro meaning its binary
You also have to know the charge on sulfur to know how many hydrogens there are
* Sulfur carries a -2 charge meaning it will be bound to 2 hydrogens
H2S
Iodous acid
IO2- = Iodite
this is a polyatomic = oxyacid - means no hydro
appenditeous
HIO2 iodous
key was identifying that it is an oxyacid = polyatomic because theres no hydro
So these are oxyacids (can tell because they dont start w/ hydro). However, the naming is slightly weird. It basically uses the elemental root instead of the polyatomic one. Can name the rest off the polyatomic, except these 4. Memorize these
