2.4 How Hitler became chancellor 1932-33

Question 1

How many votes did Hitler win in the March 1932 presidential elections?

Answer 1

11 million (30 %)

Question 2

How many votes did Hindenburg win in the March 1932 presidential elections?

Answer 2

18 million (49.6%)

Question 3

there was a re-election in April 1932 because no candidate reached 50% of the votes. How did Hitler campaign this time?

Answer 3

he campaigned furiously :

• rented an aeroplane and flew from town to town delivering speeches
• His SA paraded in support of the Nazis and disrupted communist rallies

Question 4

How many votes did Hitler win in the April 1932 presidential elections?

Answer 4

13 million (36%)

Question 5

How many votes did Hindenburg win in the April 1932 presidential elections?

Answer 5

19 million (53%)

Question 6

In April 1932, chancellor Heinrich Bruning took two steps which lost him all hope of support in the Reichstag. What were they?

Answer 6

• banned the SS and the SA to calm unrest and control Nazis: this enraged Hitler and other political parties feared their paramilitary groups would be banned
• he announced a plan to buy up land from the large landowners and use it to house the unemployed: the landowning classes were furious about the plan to buy yo their land and president Hindenburg who was a land-owning conservative was furious

Question 7

What was the result of the two measures that Bruning proposed in April 1932?

Answer 7

Bruning now had neither the support of the President nor the support of a majority of the Reichstag

without these, he was unable to govern

he resigned on 30 May 1932

Question 8

Who was the next chancellor after Bruning?

Answer 8

von papen

Question 9

Von Schleicher and von Papen did not have the majority in the Reichstag - the SD were the majority there. What did they do as a result?

what was wrong with what they did?

Answer 9

• Von Schleicher persuaded Hindenburg that if the Nazis, with their huge popular appeal, would support his coalition, it could govern without the Reichstag, using presidential decrees
• this was completely against the spirit of the Weimar republic as the constitution intend that the chancellor should have the support of the Reichstag

Question 10

Wht was the cabinet of Barons

Answer 10

Von Schleicher suggestion to partner with the nazis and use presidential decrees

Question 11

Hitler agreed to the coalition with von schleicher if……

Answer 11

the ban on the SA was removed

Question 12

In July 1932, there were elections for the Reichstag, which resulted in violence in the streets, mainly between the private armies of the Nazi party and the Communist Party.

Describe the figures of the tragedies that happened as a result of this?

Answer 12

• about 100 people were killed
• over 7,000 injured
• in one clash, near Hamburg, 19 people were killed

Question 13

What were the results for the Nazi Party in July 1932 elections?

Answer 13

• they won 230 seats in the Reichstag
• the Nazi share of the vote had increased from 18% in 1930 to 38% in 1932
• now the largest party in the Reichstag

Question 14

What did Hitler demand after the July 1932 elections?

Answer 14

That Hindenburg sack von Papen and make him chancellor

Question 15

Hindenburg refused to make Hitler chancellor. what happened instead?

Answer 15

• von Papen hung on to office and called new Reichstag election in November 1932.
• he gambled that Nazi support would fall

Question 16

What were the results for the November 1932 elections for the Nazi party?

Answer 16

196 seats in the Reichstag - they did fall but they were still the largest Party

von Papen’s gamble was lost

Question 17

Around November 1932, von Schleicher abandoned von Papen. How did he convince Hindenburg to fire von Papen from chancellor?

Answer 17

von Schleicher said if von Papen stayed Germany would descend into civil war and the German army would be unable to keep control

Question 18

who became chancellor in December 1932 (after von Papen)

Answer 18

von schleicher

Question 19

Why was Hitler not made Chancellor in December 1932

Answer 19

Hindenburg refused

Von Schleicher told Hindenburg that the November election results showed support for the Nazis was fading

Question 20

What request did von Schleicher make to Hindenburg?

Why did he request this?

Answer 20

Make him head of a military dictatorship and suspend the constitution

Von Schleicher’s chancellorship had no real political support.
With Hitler and the Nazis against him he was unable to govern
He had no majority in the Reichstag and no support amongst the public

Question 21

What rumours began to circulate in Jan 1933?

Answer 21

that Schleicher was planning for an army coup

Question 22

What solution did von Papen give Hindenburg?

Answer 22

Make Hitler chancellor and von Papen vice-chancellor and use Papen’s power with Hindenburg’s to make decisions and just use Hitler as a figurehead

Question 23

When was Hitler appointed as chancellor?

Answer 23

30th January 1933

Question 24

Which 4 people’s actions led to Hitler becoming chancellor?

Answer 24

Paul von Hindenburg - the hero of the First World War and President of the Weimar Republic

Heinrich Bruning - the Chancellor

General Franz von Papen - the politician and friend of Hindenburg

Kurt von Schleicher - the army general

Question 25

How did Hindenburg help Hitler become chancellor?

Answer 25

• he never fully supported the idea of the republic and was a monarchist ( preferred government under Kaiser)
• this resulted in him being open to governing by decree, using Article 48, which weakened the Reichstag

Question 26

How did von Papen and von Schleicher help Hitler become chancellor?

Answer 26

By plotting to replace Bruning with the cabinet of barons and advising Hindenburg that he could use the German army, rather than the Reichstag, to keep his chancellors in power the undermined the Weimar republic.

Question 27

what did von papen and von schleicher want

Answer 27

they were both right-wing conservatives who both wanted to move away from the government by the parties elected to the Reichstag and towards a stronger government controlled by wealthy industrialists and landowners

Question 28

how did hidenburg, von papen and von schleicher help hitler become chancellor?

Answer 28

all three underestimated Hitler. They all believed they could bring Hitler and the Nazis into power and control them. they were wrong