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Edexcel GCSE Weimar and Nazi Germany > 2.4 How Hitler became chancellor 1932-33 > Flashcards

2.4 How Hitler became chancellor 1932-33 Flashcards

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1
Q

How many votes did Hitler win in the March 1932 presidential elections?

A

11 million (30 %)

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2
Q

How many votes did Hindenburg win in the March 1932 presidential elections?

A

18 million (49.6%)

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3
Q

there was a re-election in April 1932 because no candidate reached 50% of the votes. How did Hitler campaign this time?

A

he campaigned furiously :

  • rented an aeroplane and flew from town to town delivering speeches
  • His SA paraded in support of the Nazis and disrupted communist rallies
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4
Q

How many votes did Hitler win in the April 1932 presidential elections?

A

13 million (36%)

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5
Q

How many votes did Hindenburg win in the April 1932 presidential elections?

A

19 million (53%)

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6
Q

In April 1932, chancellor Heinrich Bruning took two steps which lost him all hope of support in the Reichstag. What were they?

A
  • banned the SS and the SA to calm unrest and control Nazis: this enraged Hitler and other political parties feared their paramilitary groups would be banned
  • he announced a plan to buy up land from the large landowners and use it to house the unemployed: the landowning classes were furious about the plan to buy yo their land and president Hindenburg who was a land-owning conservative was furious
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7
Q

What was the result of the two measures that Bruning proposed in April 1932?

A

Bruning now had neither the support of the President nor the support of a majority of the Reichstag

without these, he was unable to govern

he resigned on 30 May 1932

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8
Q

Who was the next chancellor after Bruning?

A

von papen

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9
Q

Von Schleicher and von Papen did not have the majority in the Reichstag - the SD were the majority there. What did they do as a result?

what was wrong with what they did?

A
  • Von Schleicher persuaded Hindenburg that if the Nazis, with their huge popular appeal, would support his coalition, it could govern without the Reichstag, using presidential decrees
  • this was completely against the spirit of the Weimar republic as the constitution intend that the chancellor should have the support of the Reichstag
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10
Q

Wht was the cabinet of Barons

A

Von Schleicher suggestion to partner with the nazis and use presidential decrees

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11
Q

Hitler agreed to the coalition with von schleicher if……

A

the ban on the SA was removed

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12
Q

In July 1932, there were elections for the Reichstag, which resulted in violence in the streets, mainly between the private armies of the Nazi party and the Communist Party.

Describe the figures of the tragedies that happened as a result of this?

A
  • about 100 people were killed
  • over 7,000 injured
  • in one clash, near Hamburg, 19 people were killed
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13
Q

What were the results for the Nazi Party in July 1932 elections?

A
  • they won 230 seats in the Reichstag
  • the Nazi share of the vote had increased from 18% in 1930 to 38% in 1932
  • now the largest party in the Reichstag
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14
Q

What did Hitler demand after the July 1932 elections?

A

That Hindenburg sack von Papen and make him chancellor

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15
Q

Hindenburg refused to make Hitler chancellor. what happened instead?

A
  • von Papen hung on to office and called new Reichstag election in November 1932.
  • he gambled that Nazi support would fall
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16
Q

What were the results for the November 1932 elections for the Nazi party?

A

196 seats in the Reichstag - they did fall but they were still the largest Party

von Papen’s gamble was lost

17
Q

Around November 1932, von Schleicher abandoned von Papen. How did he convince Hindenburg to fire von Papen from chancellor?

A

von Schleicher said if von Papen stayed Germany would descend into civil war and the German army would be unable to keep control

18
Q

who became chancellor in December 1932 (after von Papen)

A

von schleicher

19
Q

Why was Hitler not made Chancellor in December 1932

A

Hindenburg refused

Von Schleicher told Hindenburg that the November election results showed support for the Nazis was fading

20
Q

What request did von Schleicher make to Hindenburg?

Why did he request this?

A

Make him head of a military dictatorship and suspend the constitution

Von Schleicher’s chancellorship had no real political support.
With Hitler and the Nazis against him he was unable to govern
He had no majority in the Reichstag and no support amongst the public

21
Q

What rumours began to circulate in Jan 1933?

A

that Schleicher was planning for an army coup

22
Q

What solution did von Papen give Hindenburg?

A

Make Hitler chancellor and von Papen vice-chancellor and use Papen’s power with Hindenburg’s to make decisions and just use Hitler as a figurehead

23
Q

When was Hitler appointed as chancellor?

A

30th January 1933

24
Q

Which 4 people’s actions led to Hitler becoming chancellor?

A

Paul von Hindenburg - the hero of the First World War and President of the Weimar Republic

Heinrich Bruning - the Chancellor

General Franz von Papen - the politician and friend of Hindenburg

Kurt von Schleicher - the army general

25
Q

How did Hindenburg help Hitler become chancellor?

A
  • he never fully supported the idea of the republic and was a monarchist ( preferred government under Kaiser)
  • this resulted in him being open to governing by decree, using Article 48, which weakened the Reichstag
26
Q

How did von Papen and von Schleicher help Hitler become chancellor?

A

By plotting to replace Bruning with the cabinet of barons and advising Hindenburg that he could use the German army, rather than the Reichstag, to keep his chancellors in power the undermined the Weimar republic.

27
Q

what did von papen and von schleicher want

A

they were both right-wing conservatives who both wanted to move away from the government by the parties elected to the Reichstag and towards a stronger government controlled by wealthy industrialists and landowners

28
Q

how did hidenburg, von papen and von schleicher help hitler become chancellor?

A

all three underestimated Hitler. They all believed they could bring Hitler and the Nazis into power and control them. they were wrong

Edexcel GCSE Weimar and Nazi Germany (20 decks)

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