2.3 Growth in Nazi support Flashcards

1
Q

What caused the Wall Street crash?

A
  • October 1929: share prices began to fall on the Wall Street stock exchange in New York USA
  • US companies lost billions of dollars in value overnight:
    * many banks and businesses were ruined and worldwide depression resulted
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2
Q

When was the wall street crash?

A

October 1929

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3
Q

What happened to Germany’s loans as a result of the Wall Street crash in the USA

A

Us stopped loaning money to Germany and demanded all the loans to be repaid

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4
Q

Describe how banks in Germany were affected as a result of the Wall Street crash?

  • What did the German people do with their bank accounts and why?
  • what happened to the German civil bank?
A
  • German banks were major investors in shares on the US stock exchange and suffered huge losses
  • german banks lost much money that German people feared they would have access to the money in their bank accounts
  • people quickly drew money out of their accounts causing some |German banks to run out of cash
  • the German civil servant bank event bust in 1929 so many people lost savings
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5
Q

Describe how German Industries were affected as a result of the Wall Street crash?

A
  • businesses in industry and agriculture had to pay back loans due to Germany needing cash to pay back the loans from the USA
  • because of this, German industries and forces had to cut back production or even close down completely which made the economy collapse further.
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6
Q

Describe how the German government were affected as a result of the Wall Street crash? (5)

A
  • couldn’t borrow money from the US
  • refused to print more money
  • increased taxes
  • made cuts in unemployment benefits
  • Government workers had wages cut and some lost their jobs
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7
Q

Describe how German people were affected as a result of the Wall Street crash? (4)

A
  • Businesses reduced staff or closed
  • millions of workers and farm labourers lost their jobs
  • young people were badly affected by job losses
  • no work and benefits slashed = families suffered terrible poverty
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8
Q

Why was support strong amongst the working class in large towns for the communist party?

A

saw communists as the only party who would defend their jobs and their wages against employers and landowners

  • there was a growth in unemployment and wages were falling
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9
Q

How many people were unemployed in 1932 and what were the real wages in 1932?

A
  • 5 million people unemployed

- real wages in 1932 were 15% lower than 1928

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10
Q

Who was chancellor from 1930-32

A

Heinrich Bruning

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11
Q

what did Bruning propose to fix the economic situation in Germany?

A

proposed higher taxes to pay for unemployment benefits and put fixed time limits on unemployment benefits to make payments more affordable

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12
Q

Why did all the parties hate Bruning’s economic plans?

what did the right-wing/left/moderate parties hate about it?

A

Right-wing, the middle classes and the wealthy opposed to higher taxes

Left-wing parties and working classes opposed reduced benefits due to the fixed time limits

Social democrats refused to support Bruning - failure by moderate parties to co-operate (Bruning was the leader of the centre party) made the Reichstag powerless to make a decision

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13
Q

The reichstag went from meeting 94 times in 1930 to meting ___________ in ______

A

meeting 13 in 1932

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14
Q

Instead of the democracy what did Bruning rely on instead?

A

he relied on Article 48 to rule through Presidential decrees

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15
Q

How many presidential decrees did Brunin’g government rely on in 1931 and 1932?

A

1931 = 44

1932= 66

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16
Q

When did Bruning resign?

A

1932

17
Q

What was the impact of unemployment on people?

A
  • value of saving crashed which meant that if people became unemployed they had no savings to fall back on
  • Jan 1933: six million workers were unemployed, the government was unable to pay unemployment benefits. Taxes were raised and unemployment benefits cut
  • people desperate for work, employers cut wages, real wages in 1932 were about 15% lower than in 1928
  • Many people became homeless as they couldn’t afford to pay rent. They became bored = boredom turned to violence
    • there was an increase of 24% in arrests for theft in Berlin
18
Q

How did the Nazi party appeal to Big businessmen?

A
  • moderate parties had been powerless to solve Germany’s economic problem 1929-33
  • Hitler persuaded them that the Nazi party was their best form of protection from the rise of communists
19
Q

How did the support from Big businessmen benefit the Nazis?

A
  • support from big businessmen benefitted Nazi finances as wealthy businessmen poured money into the NSDAP
  • Nazi propaganda was benefitted as the National party leader, Alfred Hugenberg, was a newspaper tycoon and allowed Goebbels to use his newspapers for Nazi propaganda against the communists
20
Q

Who was the leader of the National party?

A

Alfred Hugenberg

21
Q

How did the Nazi Party appeal to the working class?

A
  • promised them work and food
  • they were called the Nationalist socialist german workers party which suggested that they were a party for the working-class people
  • They also supported traditional german values and aimed to create a stronger Germany
22
Q

How did the Nazi Party appeal to the middle class?

A
  • they saw Hitler as a strong leader who could help the country recover from the Great depression
  • Saw Nazis as a strong party that could protect them from communists
  • Middle class believed that there had been a moral decline under the Weimar republic with more drinking and sexual openness. They saw the Nazis as a return to traditional German values
23
Q

How did the Nazi Party appeal to farmers?

A
  • Nazis could protect them from communists who might seize their land
  • Nazis changed the Nazi policy of confiscating all private land in 1928. Instead, they would only confiscate private plant if it was owned by Jews.
  • this meant farmers were a strong section of support
24
Q

How many votes did the Nazi party gain in some rural areas in the 1930 Reichstag elections?

A

60%

25
Q

How did the Nazi Party appeal to young people and women ?

A

young people found it exciting to be a part of

women saw it as the best party to save the Nation and their families