2.4 Artificial or Real?

Question 1

How can blood from donors be split?

Answer 1

Into plasma and cells

Question 2

What is a transfusion?

Answer 2

The transfer of blood from one person to another

Question 3

Why may plasma be given to a patient in a transfusion?

Answer 3

To increase the blood volume

Question 4

What is cardiac disease?

Answer 4

A heart disease caused by the blockage of cardiac arteries

Question 5

Name 3 consequences to cardiac disease

Answer 5

• blood clots
• heart attack
• muscles can’t respire

Question 6

Name a solution to cardiac disease

Answer 6

A stent

Question 7

How must a stent be inserted?

Answer 7

Using keyhole surgery

Question 8

Name 2 advantages to using a stent

Answer 8

• restores blood flow

* reduces risk of heart failure

Question 9

Name a disadvantage of using a stent

Answer 9

•risks surgery

Question 10

Name 5 disadvantages of a blood transfusion

Answer 10

• have to be same blood group
• shortage of donors
• blood is perishable/can only be stored for a limited time
• risk of disease
• religious reasons

Question 11

Name an artificial blood

Answer 11

Perfluorocarbons

Question 12

Name 4 advantages of Perfluorocarbons

Answer 12

• doesn’t need to be refrigerated
• doesn’t contain cells so doesn’t need to match a blood group
• doesn’t decompose
• doesn’t carry diseases

Question 13

Name 4 disadvantages to using Perfluorocarbons

Answer 13

• expensive
• difficult getting into blood as they don’t dissolved
• doesn’t carry as much oxygen so need to use lots of them
• can cause unpleasant side effects

Question 14

Why are artificial hearts and blood being developed?

Answer 14

There are a shortage of donors

Question 15

Name the 2 types of artificial heart valves

Answer 15

• mechanical

* tissue based

Question 16

Name a disadvantage specifically for mechanical heart valves

Answer 16

•used with problematic blood thinning drugs so if you cut yourself you will bleed out and die

Question 17

Name a disadvantage specifically for tissue based heart valves

Answer 17

Your immune system could reject and destroy them

Question 18

Name 3 advantages for artificial hearts

Answer 18

• don’t need to match the patients tissue
• no need for immunosuppressant drugs
• restores natural heart function

Question 19

Name 4 disadvantages of artificial hearts

Answer 19

• expensive
• long stays in the hospital
• problems with blood clotting
• open heart surgery is dangerous

Question 20

Where is haemoglobin based artificial blood produced from?

Answer 20

Taken from animal or human blood, or synthetically made using bacteria

Question 21

Name 2 advantages to using haemoglobin based artificial blood

Answer 21

• doesn’t have to be kept in the fridge

* carries more oxygen than red blood cells

Question 22

Name 3 disadvantages of haemoglobin based artificial blood

Answer 22

• not in a case, so breaks down easily
• doesn’t clot or fight diseases
• there were deaths during the trials

Question 23

What must donated blood have done?

Answer 23

It must be refrigerated