2.1 The Circulatory System and The Heart

Question 1

Which organisms have transport systems?

Answer 1

Large organisms

Question 2

What is the human circulatory system made up of?

Answer 2

• blood vessels
• the heart
• blood

Question 3

What is the heart?

Answer 3

A muscular organ that pumps blood around the body

Question 4

How many pumps make up the heart?

Answer 4

2 pumps held together

Question 5

Name 6 things that get carried around in the blood

Answer 5

• products of digestion
• oxygen
• carbon dioxide
• waste products
• hormones
• white blood cells

Question 6

Why is the circulatory system known as a double circulatory system?

Answer 6

Because blood enters and leaves the system twice before making a full circulation

Question 7

What make up the blood vessels?

Answer 7

• veins
• arteries
• capillaries

Question 8

What do veins do?

Answer 8

Bring blood to the heart

Question 9

What do arteries do?

Answer 9

Bring blood away from the heart

Question 10

What do capillaries do?

Answer 10

Connect the veins to the arteries and they are also where substances are exchanged

Question 11

What make up the blood?

Answer 11

• red blood cells
• white blood cells
• plasma
• platelets

Question 12

What is blood plasma?

Answer 12

The liquid part of the blood that everything dissolves in

Question 13

What colour is plasma?

Answer 13

Yellow

Question 14

What does the plasma carry?

Answer 14

• carbon dioxide
• glucose to the organs
• urea to the kidneys

Question 15

What do the red cells do?

Answer 15

• transports oxygen from lungs to organs

* carries haemoglobin

Question 16

What do white cells do?

Answer 16

• engulf pathogens
• make antibodies
• make antitoxins

Question 17

What are platelets involved with?

Answer 17

They are involved in blood clotting

Question 18

What do platelets do?

Answer 18

• make scabs

* make fibres to close openings to prevent leakages

Question 19

Why can the red cells carry haemoglobin?

Answer 19

They don’t have a nucleus

Question 20

What is oxyhemoglobin?

Answer 20

Where oxygen is stuck to the red cells haemoglobin to be carries around

Question 21

What does the right pump of the heart do?

Answer 21

Forces deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it picks up oxygen and loses carbon dioxide

Question 22

Where does the deoxygenated blood travel along from the heart to the lungs?

Answer 22

The pulmonary artery

Question 23

Why is it called the pulmonary artery?

Answer 23

It is the only artery without oxygen because the blood flowing from the heart (that makes it an artery) is deoxygenated (that makes it pulmonary)

Question 24

What happens to the deoxygenated blood from the heart when it reaches the lungs?

Answer 24

• the carbon dioxide is lost

* oxygen is picked up

Question 25

How does the newly oxygenated blood travel from the lungs back to the heart?

Answer 25

Along the pulmonary vein

Question 26

Why is it called the pulmonary vein?

Answer 26

It is the only vein with oxygen. It is bring blood to the heart (that makes it a vein) but it carries oxygen (that makes it pulmonary)

Question 27

Which pump in the heart pumps the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body?

Answer 27

The left pump

Question 28

Which is the main artery from the heart to the rest of the body?

Answer 28

The aorta

Question 29

Which blood vessels carries the blood from the body tissues to the heart?

Answer 29

Veins

Question 30

Why do most veins not carry oxygenated blood?

Answer 30

They carry blood away from the muscles, where the oxygen was deposited in order to be used by the muscles, so most veins don't carry oxygen

Question 31

What blood vessels carry blood from the heart to the body tissues?

Answer 31

Arteries

Question 32

Why do most arteries carry oxygenated blood?

Answer 32

They carry blood away from the heart, where it got oxygen from the lungs, so the blood is oxygenated The oxygen picked up at the lungs is in the blood so when the heart pumps the blood along the arteries to the body tissues it is oxygenated

Question 33

How many chambers does the heart have?

Answer 33

4

Question 34

Why is the muscular heart wall thicker on the left side?

Answer 34

The left pump has to pump blood all around the body

Question 35

Name the 2 types of heart chambers

Answer 35

* atria | * ventricles

Question 36

Name the 2 atria in the heart

Answer 36

* left atrium | * right atrium

Question 37

Name the 2 ventricle chambers in the heart

Answer 37

* left ventricle | * right ventricle

Question 38

Which chambers in the heart are the atria?

Answer 38

The upper ones

Question 39

Which chambers in the heart are the ventricles?

Answer 39

The lower ones

Question 40

What is the sequence for the transport of blood?

Answer 40

Veins --> atria --> ventricles --> arteries

Question 41

What is the vena cava?

Answer 41

The large vein going into the right atrium of the heart

Question 42

What does the vena cava carry?

Answer 42

Deoxygenated blood from the body

Question 43

Which vein brings blood to the left atrium?

Answer 43

The pulmonary vein

Question 44

How does blood move from the atria to the ventricles?

Answer 44

The atria contract to push the blood into the ventricles

Question 45

What happens when the ventricles contract?

Answer 45

Blood is forced into the arteries

Question 46

What artery is blood forced into on the right side?

Answer 46

The pulmonary artery

Question 47

What artery is blood forced into from the ventricle on the left side?

Answer 47

The aorta

Question 48

What are heart valves used for?

Answer 48

They stop the blood flowing in the wrong direction

Question 49

What arteries supply the heart with oxygenated blood?

Answer 49

Coronary arteries

Question 50

How many valves does the heart have?

Answer 50

4

Question 51

Write a flow diagram for one whole circulation of the body, starting at the right ventricle

Answer 51

* right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood along pulmonary artery to the lungs * exchange materials at lungs * pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood to left atrium * left atrium pumps blood into left ventricle * left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta * aorta carries blood around body * veins Cary deoxygenated blood from body to the vena cava * the vena cava brings deoxygenated blood into the right atrium * right atrium pumps blood into right ventricle * do process again

Question 52

What is a transport system?

Answer 52

A system for transporting materials around a multicellular living organism