2.4

Question 1

stage 1

Answer 1

pestilence and famine (high cdr)

infectious and parasitic diseases were principal causes of human deaths (ie. black plague)

Question 2

stage 2

Answer 2

receding pandemics (rapidly declining cdr)

better sanitation, nutrition, and medicine during industrial revolution reduced spread of infectious diseases

poor ppl crowded into rapidly growing industrial cities had especially high death rates (ie. cholera)

Question 3

stage 3

Answer 3

degenerative diseases (moderately declining cdr)

decrease in deaths from infectious diseases and increase in chronic disorders associated with aging (cardiovascular diseases and cancer)

Question 4

stage 4

Answer 4

delayed degenerative diseases (low but increasing cdr)

life expectancy of older people is extended thru medical advances

behavior changes improve health

increase of obesity tho

Question 5

what are the three reasons for a possible stage 5?

Answer 5

evolution, poverty, and increased connections

Question 6

evolution

Answer 6

infectious disease microbes evolved by developing resistance to drugs and insecticides (ie. malaria)

Question 7

poverty

Answer 7

infectious diseases are more prevalent in poor areas bc unsanitary conditions and most ppl can’t accord medicine (ie. tuberculosis)

Question 8

increased connections

Answer 8

new pandemics have emerged and spread thru relocation diffusion (ie. aids)

Question 9

infant mortality rate (imr)

Answer 9

annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1000 live births

Question 10

life expectancy

Answer 10

average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live at current mortality levels