23.6 NS: Aging and frailty

Question 1

What is frailty due to?

Answer 1

Low grade inflammation

Question 2

What are the 2 frailty models?

Answer 2

Phenotype

Deficit

Question 3

What is the phenotype frailty model? What are the parameters?

Answer 3

A clinically useful list of characteristics

Weightloss, weakness, exhaustion, slow walking, low physical activity

Question 4

What are the categories for prefrail/frail on the phenotype frailty model?

Answer 4

Prefail: 1-2
Frail: 3+

Question 5

What is the deficit model of frailty?

Answer 5

An index (70 items), gold standard for research

Question 6

What are the inflammatory markers of chronic inflammation?

Answer 6

IL-6, TNF-a, CRP, neopterin increases

Question 7

What are the haematological markers of chronic inflammation?

Answer 7

WCC, NP, MC, T lymph
(CMV/IgG–>infection)
increases

Question 8

What are the endocrine markers of chronic inflammation?

Answer 8

Decreased sex hormones, IGF-1, GH, Vit D decrease

Cortisol increase

(dysregulation of the pituitary and hypothalamus)

Question 9

Who does sarcopenia occur in?What is lost?

Answer 9

50yo and older (esp. >60)

Type II fibres lost, into fat/fibrous tissue

Question 10

How much of a strength decrease can occur in sarcopenia? What is another clinical measurable sign?

Answer 10

Decreased up to 50% in 90yo.

Decreased reaction time

Question 11

What do:
Co-morbidity
Disability
Frailty

mean?

Answer 11

Co-morbidity: no of chronic diseases

Disability: DLA one can’t do

Frailty: high vulnerability to bad outcomes

Question 12

What is the most common factor in geriatric syndromes?

Answer 12

Frailty