23.4 Psych: Intro to psychological development

Question 1

What is Erikson’s theory of development?

Answer 1

• Sequential growth
• Critical time periods
• Importance of positive and negative emotions

Question 2

What are the pros and cons of Erikson’s theory?

Answer 2

Pros:
Face validity
Enduring interest/research

Cons:
Hard to test
Broad terms/simplistic
1950s

Question 3

What is Havighurst’s tasks?

Answer 3

• Task success=happiness

- Task failure= difficulty with later tasks, unhappiness

Question 4

What are the pros and cons of the tasks approach?

Answer 4

Pros:
Active role, challenges through different domains

Cons:
Timeframes not appropriate, different sociocultural norms

Question 5

What is the trajectories and turning points theory?

Answer 5

Early life experience leading to a chain reaction of events

Potential for change through turning points

Question 6

What is the transactional model of development?

Answer 6

Stages through genetic/environmental/psychological etc. factors that operate dynamically

Question 7

What is the genetic contribution to behavioural traits and psychiatric disorders?

Answer 7

30-80%

But gene-environment interactions

Question 8

What is an example of gene-environment interactions in early care?

Answer 8

Primates deprived of early maternal care–>monoamine NTM disruption

This genotype interacts with adverse parenting, increasing anti-social behaviour risk?

Question 9

What is multifinality vs. equifinality?

Answer 9

Multifinality: RFs that MAY contribute to development (one RF has multiple outcomes)

Equifinality: Multiple pathways to same outcome

Question 10

What are the four dimensions of temperament?

Answer 10

Harm avoidance
Reward dependence
Novelty seeking
Persistence

Question 11

What is resilience?

Answer 11

Positive adaption in adversity

not risk evasion

Question 12

What is assimilation vs. accommodation?

Answer 12

Assimilation: adjust environment to fit with changes

Accommodation: adjust self and attitudes