232- Cytopathology of neoplasia

Question 1

Neoplasms are classified according to their____, which is____

Answer 1

histogenesis

normal tissue that the tumor most closely resembles

Question 2

Two main parameters a pathologist examines under the microscope and what kind of classification are they

Answer 2

differentiation (qualitative), grade (quantitative)

Question 3

nuclear anaplasia: what is it and what does it indicate

Answer 3

nuclei with abnormal distribution of heterochromatin, irregular shaped nucleoli. Suggestive of more malignant growth

Question 4

criteria for determining grade

Answer 4

cellularity, pleomorphism, differentiation, mitotic activity, necrosis, interface w/ surrounding normal tissue

Question 5

By what means do carcinomas and sarcomas usually metastasize?

Answer 5

carcinomas: lymphatic (to nodes)
Sarcomas: vascular (to distant organs)

Question 6

what do drugs that end in “-mab” do? That end in “-nib”?

Answer 6

monoclonal ab’s against cell surface proteins

small-molecule inhibitors that disrupt tyrosine kinase pathways by blocking ATP binding sites

Question 7

Where might you find HER2 amplification? EGFR/B-RAF mutations? c-KIT? VEGF?

Answer 7

breast adenocarcinoma, esophageal/gastric adenocarcinoma

lung carcinoma

GI stromal tumor and CML

Clear cell renal carcinoma