2.3.1Classic Study-Baddeley

Question 1

procedure of experiment 1

Answer 1

-participants were given 1/4 10 word lists to immediately recall over 4 practice trials
-they then had a 20 minute interderence task to occupy STM
-a surprise retest followed

Question 2

finding and conclusion of experiment 1

Answer 2

-LTM was not influenced by acoustic or semantic similarity
-results qere due to confounding variable (immediate recall meant STM was still influencing LTM)

Question 3

procedure of experiment 2

Answer 3

-ppts assigned to either semantic or acoustic similar list
-ppts divided further into group X, Y or Z
-process repeated with slight changes for each group (exact same for X)

Question 4

procedure for group Y vs group Z

Answer 4

Y-interference task in middle of each practice trial, using digits
Z-interference task at end of each trial, using digits

Question 5

findings and conclusion of experiment 2

Answer 5

-Group Y, in the semantic half showed poorer performance on each test
-Group Y research design correctly tested LTM

Question 6

key findings about acoustic/semantic similarity

Answer 6

-STM encodes acoustically so struggles to tell difference between sounds
-LTM encodes semantically so semantic similarity impairs it
-LTM unaffected by acoustic similarity

Question 7

key evidence

Answer 7

-semantically different list had success of 85%
-semantically similar list had low success of 55%
-sample: 4 groups of 20

Question 8

most successful procedure (6 steps, group y)

Answer 8

-subjects split into 4 groups
-words presented by slide projector
-subjects do interference task involving digits to limit STM
-subjects write out 10 word sequence
-subjects do 4 trials and then 15 min interference task
-subjects attempt to recall word sequence as surprise

Question 9

Evaluate Baddeley (strengths)

Answer 9

-high test retest reliability, used a standardised procedure eg same words and shown for same length of time (3 secs), experiment was fair and improved repeatability
-high application, can inform revision techniques eg know acoustic similarity is best for LTM, helpful in real life situations

Question 10

Evaluate Baddeley (weaknesses)

Answer 10

-low generalisability to other countries, sample made up of British volunteers eg british words and memories may be unique, may not reflect other populations
-low mundane realism, recalling word order is artificial to real life eg ppts given words on slide projector, does not reflect real situation so cannot be applied