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PathoPharm > 2.3 Upper Respiratory Tract Infections > Flashcards

2.3 Upper Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards

1
Q

examples of common cold viruses

A
  • rhinovirus (most common)
  • coronaviruses
  • adenoviruses
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2
Q

Common examples of respiratory viruses besides common cold

A
  • Influenza A
  • Influenza B
  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
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3
Q

S/S of respiratory viral infections

A
  • nonproductive cough
  • fever
  • inflammation of nasopharynx mucosa aka rhinitis or coryza
  • inflammation of mucosa of the respiratory tract
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4
Q

What is pharyngitis?

A

sore throat

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5
Q

What is is rhinorrhea?

A

excessive production of nasal secretions

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6
Q

What are the treatments for common cold?

A
  • Symptom relief
  • Increase fluids
  • Cool humidifier
  • Antibiotics will not work
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7
Q

Viral shedding of common cold occurs when?

A

1-2 days prior to symptoms

SUPER CONTAGIOUS!

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8
Q

How is the common cold spread?

A

Droplet

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9
Q

Inflammation of nasal sinuses

A

rhinosinusitis

sinuses are obstructed and cannot drain properly

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10
Q

Most common causes of rhinosinusitis

A

viral URI or allergic rhinitis

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11
Q

How is influenza spread?

A

aerosol (inhalation) or direct contact

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12
Q

Like a common cold with profound malaise, chills, profuse rhinorrhea

A

URI rhinotracheitis

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13
Q

Virus invades and damages bronchial and alveolar cells

A

Viral pneumonia

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14
Q

What is the incubation period for influenza?

A

1-4 days

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15
Q

When does viral shedding occur with influenza?

A

Day before symptoms and can continue for 3 weeks

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16
Q

Why can influenza be dangerous if it spreads in the body?

A

If spread to lower airways, can be very damaging, resulting in hypoxia, permanent damage, and even death

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17
Q

Influenza can lead to ____ which is a virus that invades and damages bronchial and alveolar cells

A

Viral pneumonia

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18
Q

Influenza can weaken the body’s immune system drastically and lead to what?

A

Viral pneumonia or bacterial superinfection

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19
Q

Croup is caused by what?

A

Parainfluenza virus

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20
Q

Epiglottitis is caused by what?

A

Haemophilus influenza type B

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21
Q

List some treatments of croup

A

Can be treated at home with moist cool air

In hospitals, children can be given supplemental oxygen.

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22
Q

List some treatments of Epiglottitis

A

Emergency intubation or tracheotomy

Antibiotic because can be a bacterial origin

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23
Q

Anti-viral agent: Influenza A

Rimantadine

Describe Action

A

Prevent shedding of viral protein coat

24
Q

Anti-viral agent: Influenza A

Rimantadine

Describe Pharmacokinetics

A

Administered orally, excreted unchanged in the urine

25
Q

Anti-viral agent: Influenza A

Rimantadine

Describe Contraindications

A

Allergy, pregnancy, lactating

26
Q

Anti-viral agent: Influenza A

Rimantadine

Describe Adverse reactions

A

Dizziness, insomnia, nausea, orthostatic hypotension

27
Q

Anti-viral agent: Influenza A

Rimantadine

Describe Drug to drug interactions

A

anticholinergic agent

aspirin and acetaminophen

28
Q

Anti-viral agent: Influenza A

Rimantadine

Describe Nursing considerations

A

Do not administers within 48 hours before or within 2 weeks after vaccination

Interferes with vaccine efficacy

29
Q

Classification Monoclonal antibody antiviral against RSV

Palivizumab

Describe Action

A

neutralizes and inhibits fusion of RSV virus, subsequently inhibits viral replication

30
Q

Classification: Monoclonal antibody antiviral against RSV

Palivizumab

Describe contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

31
Q

Classification: Monoclonal antibody antiviral against RSV

Palivizumab

Describe Adverse effects

A

Anaphylaxis

32
Q

Classification: Monoclonal antibody antiviral against RSV

Palivizumab

Describe nursing considerations

A

3 doses to babies born at 32-34 weeks without congenital heart or lung diseases

maximum 5 doses for all other babies

33
Q

Classification: Antitussives

Dextromethorphan

Describe the Action

A

Suppresses the cough reflex by direct effect on the cough center in the medulla

34
Q

Classification: Antitussives

Dextromethorphan

Describe the Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

Productive chronic cough

Post-op patients

35
Q

Classification: Antitussives

Dextromethorphan

Describe the Adverse Effects

A

Dizziness, sedation

Dry mouth

36
Q

Classification: Antitussives

Dextromethorphan

Describe the Nursing considerations

A

Increase fluid intake

Avoid driving

Do NOT use for more than 1 week

37
Q

Classification: Nasal decongestants

Tetrahydrozoline

Describe the Action

A

Sympathomimetic effects, partly due to release of norepinephrine from nerve terminals

Vasoconstriction leads to decreased edema and inflammation of nasal membranes

38
Q

Classification: Nasal decongestants

Tetrahydrozoline

Describe the Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

39
Q

Classification: Nasal decongestants

Tetrahydrozoline

Describe the Indications

A

Symptomatic relief of nasal and nasopharyngeal mucosal congestion due to common cold, hay fever, or other respiratory allergies

40
Q

Classification: Nasal decongestants

Tetrahydrozoline

Describe the Adverse Effects

A

Rebound congestion

41
Q

Classification: Oral decongestants

Pseudoephedrine

Describe the Action

A

Stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

Produces vasoconstriction in respiratory mucosa and bronchodilation

42
Q

Classification: Oral decongestants

Pseudoephedrine

Describe the Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

HTN*

Cardiac disease

43
Q

Classification: Oral decongestants

Pseudoephedrine

Describe the Adverse Effects

A

Anxiety
Anorexia
Palpitations

44
Q

Classification: Oral decongestants

Pseudoephedrine

Describe the Nursing Considerations

A

Monitor BP and for s/s of adrenergic stimulation

45
Q

Classification: Expectorants

Guaifenesin

Describe the Action

A

Reduces viscosity of tenacious secretions by increasing respiratory tract fluid

Thins out mucous

46
Q

Classification: Expectorants

Guaifenesin

Describe the Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

47
Q

Classification: Expectorants

Guaifenesin

Describe the Adverse Effects

A

Dizziness

48
Q

Classification: Expectorants

Guaifenesin

Describe the Nursing Considerations

A

Increase fluid intake avoid driving until effects known

Should not be used for more than 1 week

49
Q

Classification: Antihistamine

Diphenhydramine

Describe the Action

A

Antagonizes the effects of histamine at H1 - receptors sites

Does not bind to or inactivate histamine

Has atropine like antipruiric and sedative effects

50
Q

Classification: Antihistamine

Diphenhydramine

Describe the Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

Lactation

51
Q

Classification: Antihistamine

Diphenhydramine

Describe the Adverse Effects

A

Drowsiness
Sedation
Anorexia
Dry mouth

52
Q

Classification: Antihistamine

Diphenhydramine

Describe the Nursing Considerations

A

Caution about sedation and drowsiness

Lozenges or hard candy to relieve dry mouth

Avoid other CNS depressants

53
Q

Classification: Antihistamine

Cetirizine

Describe the Action

A

Antagonizes the effects of histamine at H1-receptor sites

Decrease symptoms of histamine excess (sneezing, rhinorrhea, tearing, pruritus, and redness)

54
Q

Classification: Antihistamine

Cetirizine

Describe the Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

Lactation

55
Q

Classification: Antihistamine

Cetirizine

Describe the Adverse effects

A

Higher dosages can cause drowsiness and fatigue

56
Q

Classification: Antihistamine

Cetirizine

Describe the Nursing Considerations

A

Drowsiness and sedation with higher dosages

PathoPharm (18 decks)

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