2.3 Sovereignty

Question 1

Colonialism

Answer 1

Colonialism is the political theory governing colonial expansion and the maintenance of a colonial empire.

It is generally associated with a belief that the social values of the colonizer are superior to those of the colonized

Question 2

political theory of post-colonialism

Answer 2

The political theory of post-colonialism argues that many of the problems faced by former colonies are attributable to their colonial exploitation and devaluation.

(idea of colonial expansion, how colonizers felt about their rights)

Question 3

Nationalism

Answer 3

Nationalism refers to patriotic feelings, principles, or efforts

Question 4

Neo-nationalism

Answer 4

Neo-nationalism is a new form of nationalism or radical type of revolution

Question 5

In all of these fractured national geographies, neo-national identities are in the midst of ________ contest with their predecessors. Each predecessor views the new or new-old claimant as a ________ to its own integrity, or even to its continued existence as a state:

Answer 5

political; threat

Question 6

Give examples of countries with neo-national identities in the midst of political contest with their predecessors

Answer 6

• canada and quebec
• israel and palestine
• UK and northern ireland

Question 7

Neo-nationalism has come to mean violence, whereas it should mean …

Answer 7

-mutual recognition and new opportunity

“Velvet divorces”, as between Slovakia and the Czech Republic, or successful new federal solutions are rare.

Question 8

defined border

Answer 8

Defined: borders that are established by a legal document.

Question 9

delimited border

Answer 9

Delimited: borders that are drawn on a map. These may not be physically visual in the real world.

Question 10

demarcated border

Answer 10

Demarcated: borders that are identified by physical objects such as fences. These types of borders don’t usually show up on maps.

Question 11

Open borders and give an example

Answer 11

In Europe/the EU, there are open borders, meaning that people and goods can cross freely without being checked.

Question 12

Political boundaries and give an example

Answer 12

Political boundaries are present between the different states in the US. These boundaries are not visible when crossing into another state. This is very similar to the open borders of the EU.

Question 13

Physical borders and example

Answer 13

Physical borders are actual walls, gates, or other tangible barriers dividing political divisions.
For Example: The Great Wall of China, Berlin Wall

Question 14

theoretical borders

Answer 14

Theoretical borders are those that exist on paper alone and often just follow lines of latitude or longitude and are not marked on the ground.

Question 15

real borders

Answer 15

those that do exist - whether physical or theoretical

Question 16

perceived borders

Answer 16

Perceived borders are those which one or more people feel exist but are not actually there.

-divide between Quebecois and the rest of Canada

Question 17

relic border

Answer 17

Relic: this no longer functions as a border but is merely a reminder of a space that was once divided. Examples are the Berlin Wall and the Great Wall of China.

Question 18

superimposed border and example

Answer 18

Superimposed: this is a border forced upon a landscape by an outside power, ignoring local cultures.

Examples are the Europeans who divided Africa and who imposed boundaries on the Indigenous communities in the US and Australia.

Question 19

subsequent border and example

Answer 19

Subsequent: this will evolve as the cultural landscape takes shape and it develops because of settlement patterns.

The borders are formed based on religious, ethnic, linguistic, and economic differences.

An example is the border between Ireland and Northern Ireland, reflecting the differences in religion between the two countries.

Question 20

antecedent border

Answer 20

this is a border that existed before human cultures developed into their current forms. They are usually physical borders.

An example is the border between the US and Canada.

Question 21

geometric border example

Answer 21

Geometric: this border is created by using lines of latitude and longitude and their associated arcs. It is a straight line that serves as a political border, and it is unrelated to physical and/or cultural differences.

An example is the border between the US and Canada, which is a straight border (east to west) and it avoids dividing islands.

Question 22

consequent border and example

Answer 22

Consequent: a border line that coincides with a cultural divide such as religion or language.

Examples are Mormon communities in the US, which have a boundary with the non-Mormon communities around them.

Question 23

Militarized border and example

Answer 23

Militarised: these borders are guarded and usually very difficult to cross. An example is North Korea.

Question 24

border lines

Answer 24

Border lines are those of small, finite widths that are knowingly crossed.

Question 25

border regions

Answer 25

-areas of indefinite width surrounding a border line.

-the width may vary significantly depending on many variables including population, geography, and political stability.

Question 26

political exclave

Answer 26

Political exclaves are small areas of land belonging to one jurisdiction yet completely surrounded by another.

Question 27

political exclave example

Answer 27

alaska (have to enter through canada)

Question 28

How can physical shape of a state cause problems?

Answer 28

Physical shape of a state can help spur border tensions and require more effort from within the state to maintain unity

(e.g. a compact state like France has a capital, or centre of power, that’s roughly centrally located, so all parts of the country have to put in the same effort to communicate and potentially access government resources)

Question 29

Some places are fragmented or elongated and these shapes can lead to ____________

Answer 29

power imbalances