2.3 Sovereignty Flashcards
Colonialism
Colonialism is the political theory governing colonial expansion and the maintenance of a colonial empire.
It is generally associated with a belief that the social values of the colonizer are superior to those of the colonized
political theory of post-colonialism
The political theory of post-colonialism argues that many of the problems faced by former colonies are attributable to their colonial exploitation and devaluation.
(idea of colonial expansion, how colonizers felt about their rights)
Nationalism
Nationalism refers to patriotic feelings, principles, or efforts
Neo-nationalism
Neo-nationalism is a new form of nationalism or radical type of revolution
In all of these fractured national geographies, neo-national identities are in the midst of ________ contest with their predecessors. Each predecessor views the new or new-old claimant as a ________ to its own integrity, or even to its continued existence as a state:
political; threat
Give examples of countries with neo-national identities in the midst of political contest with their predecessors
- canada and quebec
- israel and palestine
- UK and northern ireland
Neo-nationalism has come to mean violence, whereas it should mean …
-mutual recognition and new opportunity
“Velvet divorces”, as between Slovakia and the Czech Republic, or successful new federal solutions are rare.
defined border
Defined: borders that are established by a legal document.
delimited border
Delimited: borders that are drawn on a map. These may not be physically visual in the real world.
demarcated border
Demarcated: borders that are identified by physical objects such as fences. These types of borders don’t usually show up on maps.
Open borders and give an example
In Europe/the EU, there are open borders, meaning that people and goods can cross freely without being checked.
Political boundaries and give an example
Political boundaries are present between the different states in the US. These boundaries are not visible when crossing into another state. This is very similar to the open borders of the EU.
Physical borders and example
Physical borders are actual walls, gates, or other tangible barriers dividing political divisions.
For Example: The Great Wall of China, Berlin Wall
theoretical borders
Theoretical borders are those that exist on paper alone and often just follow lines of latitude or longitude and are not marked on the ground.
real borders
those that do exist - whether physical or theoretical
perceived borders
Perceived borders are those which one or more people feel exist but are not actually there.
-divide between Quebecois and the rest of Canada
relic border
Relic: this no longer functions as a border but is merely a reminder of a space that was once divided. Examples are the Berlin Wall and the Great Wall of China.
superimposed border and example
Superimposed: this is a border forced upon a landscape by an outside power, ignoring local cultures.
Examples are the Europeans who divided Africa and who imposed boundaries on the Indigenous communities in the US and Australia.
subsequent border and example
Subsequent: this will evolve as the cultural landscape takes shape and it develops because of settlement patterns.
The borders are formed based on religious, ethnic, linguistic, and economic differences.
An example is the border between Ireland and Northern Ireland, reflecting the differences in religion between the two countries.
antecedent border
this is a border that existed before human cultures developed into their current forms. They are usually physical borders.
An example is the border between the US and Canada.
geometric border example
Geometric: this border is created by using lines of latitude and longitude and their associated arcs. It is a straight line that serves as a political border, and it is unrelated to physical and/or cultural differences.
An example is the border between the US and Canada, which is a straight border (east to west) and it avoids dividing islands.
consequent border and example
Consequent: a border line that coincides with a cultural divide such as religion or language.
Examples are Mormon communities in the US, which have a boundary with the non-Mormon communities around them.
Militarized border and example
Militarised: these borders are guarded and usually very difficult to cross. An example is North Korea.
border lines
Border lines are those of small, finite widths that are knowingly crossed.
border regions
-areas of indefinite width surrounding a border line.
-the width may vary significantly depending on many variables including population, geography, and political stability.
political exclave
Political exclaves are small areas of land belonging to one jurisdiction yet completely surrounded by another.
political exclave example
alaska (have to enter through canada)
How can physical shape of a state cause problems?
Physical shape of a state can help spur border tensions and require more effort from within the state to maintain unity
(e.g. a compact state like France has a capital, or centre of power, that’s roughly centrally located, so all parts of the country have to put in the same effort to communicate and potentially access government resources)
Some places are fragmented or elongated and these shapes can lead to ____________
power imbalances
