2.3 Solar System Discoveries Flashcards
Who developed the idea for heliocentric model
Nicholas Copernicus
Who developed the geocentric model
Ptolemy
Who came up with retrograde motion
Copernicus
What did Tycho Brahe do
Recorded very detailed overs stools of the skies
What did Johannes Kepler do
Used tychos observations to make his formula for the laws of planetary motion
What was keplers first law
Planets move in an elliptical orbit around the sun - the sun is the focus of each ellipse
What’s keplers second law
That when a planet is closer to sun it can travel faster than if it’s far away - same area or something just search up a pic lol
An imaginary line from a planet to the sun sweeps out equal AREAS in equal intervals of time
What’s keplers 3rd law
T^2=R^3
T=time period to orbit Earth Years
R= distance to sun AU
Who invented the optic tube
Galileo Galilei
What were some of galileos discoveries
Moon is not spherical - contains mountains And craters
Venus has phases like the moon and changed apparent size on a time scale of weeks
Jupiters main moons
What are the Galilean moons
Jupiters moons:
Callisto
Europa
Ganymede
Io
Who actually discovered the moon and astronomical bodies telescopically first and record what they saw
Thomas Harriot
Didn’t wish for fame or money aww
What have strong evidence for heliocentric universe
Phases of Venus and moons of Jupiter
What did Isaac newton do
Used theory of gravity to explain orbits - heliocentric model almost universally accepted
What’s the inverse square law
If the distance between 2 objects doubles the force is one quarter
So where X = change in distance eg its doubled or tripled or halved
1/x^2
Then with this number multiply it by original gravity
Who discovered Uranus
William Herschel in 1781
How was Uranus found
William Herschel used a homemade telescope and saw as small disc - thought it was a comet but more observations showed orbit and concluded it was a planet
Who discovered Neptune
Johann Galle and Heinrich D’arrest actually spotted t
John couch Adams and urbain le verrier predicted it due to perturbations (wobbles) of Uranus suggesting it was being pulled by another planet beyond
How was Pluto discovered
Edward Pickering and Percival Lowell thought another undiscovered planet was affecting Neptune and Clyde Tombaugh located the planet photographically in 1930
What are perturbations
The complex motion where a massive body subject to forces other than the gravitational attraction(from sun) is being affected by another massive body
Who discovered Uranus
William Herschel in 1781
How was Uranus found
William Herschel used a homemade telescope and saw as small disc - thought it was a comet but more observations showed orbit and concluded it was a planet
Who discovered Neptune
Johann Galle and Heinrich D’arrest actually spotted t
John couch Adams and urbain le verrier predicted it due to perturbations (wobbles) of Uranus suggesting it was being pulled by another planet beyond
How was Pluto discovered
Edward Pickering and Percival Lowell thought another undiscovered planet was affecting Neptune and Clyde Tombaugh located the planet photographically in 1930
What are perturbations
The complex motion where a massive body subject to forces other than the gravitational attraction(from sun) is being affected by another massive body
How was Ceres discovered
Kepler predicted a planet between Mars and Jupiter
Guiseppe piazzi discovered faint object in telescope
Watched object for 41 days then fell ill ah no it’s really difficult to find now
Carl friedricn gauss discovered a method to predict planets orbit with only 3 observations and Ceres was found
How were quasars discovered
In 1950s many strong radio sources matched with stars
1962 radio source 3C 273 had position determined precisely by radio astronomers Cyril Hazard and John Bolton thanks to occultations by the moon
- so Maarten Schmidt to obtain could obstain it’s spectrum - strange emission lines highly redshifted lines of hydrogen - had a very fast recession velocity
How was CMB discovered
Penzias and Wilson discovered in 1965 a steady noise from all parts of the sky
