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Biology > 2.3: nucleotides > Flashcards

2.3: nucleotides Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the monomer for nucleic acids

A

Nucleotide

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2
Q

What elements (letters not parts) are in a nucleotide

A

C H O N P

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3
Q

What bond forms between two nucleotides

A

Phosphodiester bond

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4
Q

What is the name of the polymer for nucleotides

A

polynucleotide

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5
Q

What is the structure of a DNA nucleotide?

A
  • Phosphate group
  • Pentose sugar (deoxyribose)
  • Nitrogenous base A T C or G
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6
Q

What is the structure of a RNA nucleotide?

A
  • Phosphate group
  • Pentose sugar (ribose)
  • Nitrogenous base A C G and U instead of T
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7
Q

What is ATP and ADP and describe its structure

A

Phosphorylated nucleotides.
ATP = 3 phosphate groups
ADP = 2 phosphate groups
Has ribose sugar and adenine base

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8
Q

Describe the structure of DNA

A
  • DNA is a nucleic acid made of DNA nucleotides
  • Has 2 polynucleotide chains connected by Hydrogen bonds
  • Antiparallel chains
  • Double helix shape
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9
Q

What’s the difference between a purine and a pyrimidine?

A

Purine has two carbon-nitrogen rings whereas pyrimidine has only one.
Purines are Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidine are Cytosine Thymine and Uracil

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10
Q

How many hydrogen bonds between A and T

A

2

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11
Q

How many hydrogen bonds between C and G ?

A

3

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12
Q

How do the bases pair up

A

Complimentary base pairing between one pyrimidine and a purine

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13
Q

Describe DNA replication

A
  • Semi conservative as one new and one old strand in each new helix
    1. DNA helicase unzips the polynucleotide strand and breaks the H bonds to form 2 single strands
    2. The original strands act as template and free floating nucleotides complementary base pair with the original polynucleotide to form a new strand
    3. DNA polymerase forms H bonds between new nucleotides on new strand. Then H bonds reform and the polynucleotide strands recoil to form double helixes again
  • one new and one old strand
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14
Q

What are the features of the genetic code

A
  • Universal
  • Degenerate
  • non-overlapping
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15
Q

What are the purines

A

Adenine Guanine

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16
Q

What are the pyrimidines

A

Cytosine Thymine Uracil

17
Q

What are the different types of RNA

A
  1. mRNA messenger RNA
  2. tRNA transfer RNA
  3. rRNA ribosomal RNA
18
Q

Watch vídeo on protein synthesis

A

Check book

19
Q

What is the first step in Protein synthesis

A

Transcription

20
Q

Where does transcription take place

A

in the nucleus

21
Q

What does transcription make

A

a mRNA strand

22
Q

How does the mRNA leave the nucleus

A

through nuclear pores

23
Q

What is the second stage in protein synthesis

A

translation

24
Q

Where does translation happen

A

in the cytoplasm

Biology (25 decks)

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