2.3: nucleotides Flashcards
What is the monomer for nucleic acids
Nucleotide
What elements (letters not parts) are in a nucleotide
C H O N P
What bond forms between two nucleotides
Phosphodiester bond
What is the name of the polymer for nucleotides
polynucleotide
What is the structure of a DNA nucleotide?
- Phosphate group
- Pentose sugar (deoxyribose)
- Nitrogenous base A T C or G
What is the structure of a RNA nucleotide?
- Phosphate group
- Pentose sugar (ribose)
- Nitrogenous base A C G and U instead of T
What is ATP and ADP and describe its structure
Phosphorylated nucleotides.
ATP = 3 phosphate groups
ADP = 2 phosphate groups
Has ribose sugar and adenine base
Describe the structure of DNA
- DNA is a nucleic acid made of DNA nucleotides
- Has 2 polynucleotide chains connected by Hydrogen bonds
- Antiparallel chains
- Double helix shape
What’s the difference between a purine and a pyrimidine?
Purine has two carbon-nitrogen rings whereas pyrimidine has only one.
Purines are Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidine are Cytosine Thymine and Uracil
How many hydrogen bonds between A and T
2
How many hydrogen bonds between C and G ?
3
How do the bases pair up
Complimentary base pairing between one pyrimidine and a purine
Describe DNA replication
- Semi conservative as one new and one old strand in each new helix
1. DNA helicase unzips the polynucleotide strand and breaks the H bonds to form 2 single strands
2. The original strands act as template and free floating nucleotides complementary base pair with the original polynucleotide to form a new strand
3. DNA polymerase forms H bonds between new nucleotides on new strand. Then H bonds reform and the polynucleotide strands recoil to form double helixes again - one new and one old strand
What are the features of the genetic code
- Universal
- Degenerate
- non-overlapping
What are the purines
Adenine Guanine
What are the pyrimidines
Cytosine Thymine Uracil
What are the different types of RNA
- mRNA messenger RNA
- tRNA transfer RNA
- rRNA ribosomal RNA
Watch vídeo on protein synthesis
Check book
What is the first step in Protein synthesis
Transcription
Where does transcription take place
in the nucleus
What does transcription make
a mRNA strand
How does the mRNA leave the nucleus
through nuclear pores
What is the second stage in protein synthesis
translation
Where does translation happen
in the cytoplasm
