2.3 Lesson Flashcards
The preterite (past) verb tense, "here" and "there" recap, and demonstrative adjectives
What is the preterite tense in Spanish?
The preterite is one of two past tenses in Spanish. It is associated with a single action that is terminated and complete, rather than an action that was ongoing for a period of time.
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I studied with my cousins
Estudié con mis primos
I studied - estudié
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Do you think that I studied last night? Because I didn’t study
¿Piensas que estudié anoche? Porque no estudié
last night - anoche
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Rodrigo, did you study with your girlfriend?
Rodrigo, ¿estudiaste con tu novia?
you studied - estudiaste
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That is not true; María did not study with my sister. She studied with my cousin
Eso no es verdad; María no estudió con mi hermana. Estudió con mi primo
he/she studied - estudió
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Since Raquel did not study yesterday, she is scared to take the test today
Como Raquel no estudió ayer, entonces tiene miedo de tomar el examen hoy
yesterday - ayer
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What are you saying? We did study yesterday!
¿Qué dices? ¡Nosotros sí estudiamos ayer!
we studied - estudiamos
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You (vosotros) did not study last night
Vosotros no estudiasteis anoche
you (vosotros) studied - estudiasteis
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Maite and Ricardo studied for their art test
Maite y Ricardo estudiaron para su examen de arte
they, you (uds) studied - estudiaron
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TO STUDY (Preterite Tense)
- I studied
- You studied
- He/She studied
- We studied
- You studied
- They studied
ESTUDIAR (Tiempo Pretérito)
- Yo estudié
- Tú estudiaste
- Él/Ella/Ud estudió
- Nosotros estudiamos
- Vosotros estudiasteis
- Ellos/Ellas/Uds estudiaron
What are the endings of regular - ar verbs (such as estudiar) conjugated in the preterite?
Regular Preterite -ar endings
- -é (yo)
- -aste (tú)
- -ó (él, ella, usted)
- -amos (nosotros)
- -asteis (vosotros)
- -aron (ellos, ellas)
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I did not learn anything this year. Did you?
No aprendí nada este año, ¿y tú?
I learned - aprendí. Note that -í is the regular preterite ending for both -er and -ir verbs in the first person singluar form (yo)
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Miguel, you didn’t learn anything in this class
Miguel, tú no aprendiste nada en esta clase
you learned - aprendiste
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What did José learn from reading this book?
¿Qué aprendió José de leer este libro?
he/she learned - aprendió
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Monica and I learned to drive yesterday
Monica y yo aprendimos a conducir ayer
we learned - aprendimos
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Did you (vosotros) learn how to cook at home?
¿Aprendisteis a cocinar en casa?
you (vosotros) learned - aprendisteis
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They say that they didn’t learn anything this year
Dicen que no aprendieron nada este año
they learned - aprendieron
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TO LEARN (Preterite Tense)
- I learned
- You learned
- He/She learned
- We learned
- You learned
- They learned
APRENDER (Tiempo pretérito)
- Yo aprendí
- Tú aprendiste
- Él/Ella/Ud aprendió
- Nosotros aprendimos
- Vosotros aprendisteis
- Ellos/Ellas/Uds aprendieron
What are the endings of regular - er and -ir verbs (such as aprender) conjugated in the preterite?
Regular Preterite -er and -ir endings
- -í (yo)
- -iste (tú)
- -ió (él, ella, usted)
- -imos (nosotros)
- -isteis (vosotros)
- -ieron (ellos, ellas)
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This is the last dessert that we have
Este es el último postre que tenemos
last - último. Note that último can be used as both an adjective and as an adverb
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Did you learn anything last year?
¿Aprendiste algo el año pasado?
last year - el año pasado. Note that that you are literally saying “the year past”. This would apply whenever you are talking about time that has gone by, such as a year, a month, or a week: el año pasado, el mes pasado, or la semana pasada
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I lived in Mexico last year
Yo viví en México el año pasado
I lived - viví. Note that vivir follows a regular -ir ending pattern of conjugation in the preterite
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Marcos, did you live in a big house?
Marcos, ¿viviste en una casa grande?
you lived - viviste
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Our professor lived in this building right here
Nuestro profesor vivió en este edificio aquí
he/she lived - vivió
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We never lived in Spain; we lived in Mexico
Nunca vivimos en España; vivimos en México
we lived - vivimos
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Alejandro says that you (vosotros) lived with your grandmother
Alejandro dice que vosotros vivisteis con vuestra abuela
you (vosotros) lived - vivisteis
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Did Pepe, Esperanza, and Xavier live there?
¿Vivieron allí Pepe, Esperanza y Xavier?
they lived - vivieron
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TO LIVE (Preterite Tense)
- I lived
- You lived
- He/She lived
- We lived
- You lived
- They lived
VIVIR (Tiempo Pretérito)
- Yo viví
- Tú viviste
- Él/Ella/Ud vivió
- Nosotros vivimos
- Vosotros vivisteis
- Ellos/Ellas/Uds vivieron
Remember that the conjugation of regular -ir verbs in the preterite is the same as for -er verbs
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Maricarmen never cleaned the kitchen
Maricarmen nunca limpió la cocina
to clean - limpiar
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We watched a movie last night
Vimos una película anoche
movie - la película
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The movie ended at midnight
La película terminó a medianoche
to end - terminar
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I already sent the letter
Ya mandé la carta
to send, to command - mandar. Remember that we can use both enviar and mandar to mean “to send”
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You never sent the email
Nunca mandaste el correo electrónico
email - el correo electrónico. Note that correo also means regular “mail”, and that some countries simply use the English word “email” in their Spanish conversation
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Did Jaime receive the email?
¿Recibió Jaime el correo electrónico?
Note that Spanish does not have an equivalent helping verb to the English word “Did”. Instead, we simply begin the question with the conjugated verb, and place the subject directly after it
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My sister’s baby is going to be born in three days
El bebé de mi hermana va a nacer en tres días
to be born - nacer
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My grandmother was born ninety-nine years ago
Mi abuela nació hace noventa y nueve años
(length of time) ago - hace (medida de tiempo)
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And the man came out suddenly
Y el hombre salió de repente
suddenly - de repente
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The female students are over here with us
Las estudiantes están acá con nosotros
over here - acá
What are the uses of aquí, acá, allí, and allá?
- aquí, acá –>“here”. The variation in meaning depends on the country
- allí –>“there” and means that something is less near
- allá –>“over there” and means that something is farther
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I do not want that orange; I want that one that is way over there
No quiero esa naranja; quiero aquella que está allá
that one - aquel. Note that aquel expresses that the object is far away. Also note that the plural for aquel is aquellos
What is the meaning of este, esta, esto and their respective plural forms?
- este –> masculine for “this”; estos–> masculine plural for “these”
- esta –> feminine for “this”; estas –> feminine plural for “these”
- esto –> gender neutral for “this” and is never followed by a noun
- éste –> masculine for “this one”; éstos –> masculine plural for “these ones”. They are never followed by a noun
- ésta –> feminine for “this one”; éstas –> feminine plural for “these ones”. They are never followed by a noun
What is the meaning of ese, esa, eso and their respective plural forms?
- ese –> masculine for “that”; esos –> masculine plural for “those”
- esa –> feminine for “that” ; esas –> feminine plural for “those”
- eso –> gender neutral for “that” and is never followed by a noun
What is the meaning of aquel, aquella, aquello and their respective plural forms?
- aquel –> masculine for “that one over there”; aquellos –> masculine plural for “those over there”
- aquella –> feminine for “that one over there”; aquellas –> feminine plural for “those over there”
- aquello –> gender neutral for “that over there” and is never followed by a noun