1.4 Lesson Flashcards
Adjectives to describe physical and mental state, and the common verb ESTAR
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to be
(for transitory situations)
estar
to be - estar. Note that while ser is used to describe a state of permanence (e.g. Soy mujer), estar is used to describe transitory situations (e.g. Estoy feliz)
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Are you close to the building?
¿Estás cerca del edificio?
you are - estás. Estás (“you are”) is derived from the irregular verb estar (“to be”)
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How are you?
¿Cómo estás?
how? -¿cómo?. The phrase ¿Qué tal? is also sometimes used to mean “How are you?”. (The word tal by itself means “such”)
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You are sad
Tú estás triste
sad - triste
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I am not sad
Yo no estoy triste
I am - estoy. Note how estar is used in this situation, rather than ser, since your state of being sad is transitory and not permanent
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I am at home
Yo estoy en casa
at home - en casa
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I am tired
Yo estoy cansado
tired - cansado
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She is tired
Ella está cansada
he/she is - está
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He is happy
Él está contento/feliz
happy - contento, feliz. Feliz is generally used to describe a greater degree of joy than contento.
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You (ud) are sick
Usted está enfermo
sick - enfermo
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We are not sick
Nosotros no estamos enfermos
we are - estamos
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They are happy
Ellos están contentos
they are - están
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They (fem) are awake
Ellas están despiertas
awake - despierto
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You (uds) are busy
Ustedes están ocupados
busy - ocupado
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You (vosotras) are not awake
Vosotras no estáis despiertas
you (vosotros) are - estáis. Note that like nosotras, vosotras is the feminine version of the pronoun
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TO BE (estar)
- I am
- You are
- He/She is
- We are
- You are
- They are
ESTAR
- Yo estoy
- Tú estás
- Él/Ella/Ud está
- Nosotros estamos
- Vosotros estáis
- Ellos/Ellas/Uds están