23. Lateral Separation

Question 1

How do we obtain lateral separation?

Answer 1

On different routes, or In different geographical locations as determined by:

Visual observation
Use of navigation aids
Use of area navigation (RNAV) equipment

Question 2

If navigation equipment fails what shall ATC do?

Answer 2

apply alternative separation methods or minima.

Question 3

Hwo do we apply lateral separation? (5)

Answer 3

• By reference to the same or different geographical
  locations
• By use of the same navigation aid or method
• By use of different navigation aids or methods
• RNAV operations where RNP is specified on parallel tracks or ATS routes
• Transitioning into airspace where a greater lateral separation applies.

Question 4

What are the four methods of track separation?

Answer 4

VOR
NDB
GNSS/GNSS
VOR/GNSS

Question 5

VOR Track Separation

Answer 5

Both aircraft are established on radials
diverging by at least 15° and at least one aircraft
is at a distance of 15nm or more from the
facility.

Question 6

NDB Track Separation

Answer 6

Both aircraft are established on tracks to
or from the NDB which are diverging by at least
30° and at least one aircraft at a distance of
15nm or more from the facility.

Question 7

GNSS/GNSS Track Separation

Answer 7

each aircraft is confirmed to be established on a
track with zero offset between two waypoints
and
at least one aircraft is at a minimum distance
from a common point or

Question 8

VOR/GNSS Track Separation

Answer 8

the aircraft using VOR is established on a radial
to or from the VOR and the other, using GNSS is
confirmed to be established on a track with zero
offset between two waypoints and at least one
aircraft is at a minimum distance from a
common point

Question 9

Departing IFR from Arriving IFR Traffic

Answer 9