2.3 - How does cystic fibrosis affect other body systems? Flashcards
Which 2 other body systems can cystic fibrosis affect?
- digestive system
- reproductive system
What is the function of the small intestine?
where most of the chemical breakdown of food molecules & then absorption of soluble food molecules takes place
What is the role of the pancreas in the endocrine system?
secretes the hormones insulin & glucagon
What is the role of the pancreas in the exocrine system?
secretes enzymes into duct in small intestine
What is the duct that goes into the small intestine from the pancreas?
pancreatic duct
Why do groups of pancreatic cells produce enzymes?
to help breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates & lipids
Other than the pancreas, where are digestive enzymes produced?
- liver
- salivary gland
- build into membranes of gut wall
What happens to the pancreatic duct in CF sufferers?
becomes blocked with sticky mucus
When the pancreatic duct is blocked, what does this result in?
digestive enzymes cannot enter the small intestine & so rate of digestion in small intestine = reduced
If the rate of digestion in the small intestine is reduced, what does this result in? What is this called?
food is not fully digested, and undigested food is lost in faeces - malabsorption syndrome
If enzymes cannot leave the pancreatic duct, what effect does this have on the pancreas?
enzymes damage the pancreas, creating hard fibrosed cysts
Which 2 ways can CF cause diabetes?
- enzymes in pancreas damage cells that produce insulin, so insulin production is decreased
- mucus blocks pancreatic duct so insulin & glucagon cannot be released
How are endocrine and exocrine glands different?
- endocrine glands secrete hormone directly into blood
- exocrine glands secrete enzymes into a duct
What is the name for the model of enzymes that fit substrates?
lock & key hypothesis
What is the lock and key theory?
substrates are a ‘key’ that fits into the enzymes ‘lock’ (active site)
