2.3 DNA AND INHERITANCE Flashcards
WHAT SHAPE IS A STRAND OF DNA?
Double helix
WHAT SUBSTANCES MAKE UP THE BACKBONE OF DNA?
Alternating sugar and phosphate, connected in the centre by bases
WHAT ARE THE 4 BASES IN DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine
WHAT DOES THE ORDER OF BASES FORM?
A code for making proteins
WHAT IS THE TRIPLET CODE?
The three bases that code for one amino acid. Amino acids link to form proteins.
e.g. “AAT” codes for one amino acid, and “CAG” codes for a different amino acid
WHAT IS THE PROCESS OF GENETIC PROFILING?
- taking a sample of DNA and extracting the DNA from the sample
- cutting the DNA into short pieces
- passing an electric current through the DNA and separating the DNA into bands.
WHAT ARE THE USES OF GENETIC PROFILING?
To show the similarity between them:
- criminal cases
- paternity cases
- comparisons between species when they are being classified
WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF GENETIC PROFILING?
Identifying the presence of a certain gene that may be linked to a particular disease allowing preventative treatments that stops the disease from developing.
WHAT ARE THE ETHICAL ISSUES OF GENETIC PROFILING?
People are concerned about their DNA could be accessible to others. Stored DNA data might get into the hands of insurance, loan companies or employers who could analyse your DNA for the likelihood of disease and refuse you insurance or employment.
WHAT IS AN ALLELE?
A form of a gene. A pair of alleles controls a feature. One allele is inherited from your mother; the other allele from your father.
WHAT IS A DOMINANT ALLELE?
The allele that will always show itself (even if there is only one dominant allele present)
WHAT IS A RECESSIVE ALLELE?
The allele only present if homozygous. This allele is hidden if the dominant allele is present.
WHAT IS THE MEANING OF:
a) HETEROZYGOUS
b) HOMOZYGOUS
a) two different alleles
b) two of the same alleles
WHAT CAN BE USED TO PREDICT THE ALLELES OF AN OFFSPRING?
Punnet Square
WHAT ARE THE CHROMOSOMES OF:
a) MALES
b) FEMALES
a) XY
b) XX
