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WJEC GCSE BIOLOGY > 2.2 CELL DIVISION AND STEM CELLS > Flashcards

2.2 CELL DIVISION AND STEM CELLS Flashcards

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1
Q

WHERE IS GENETIC INFORMATION FOUND?

A

In the nucleus of each body cell

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2
Q

WHAT IS A CHROMOSOME AND WHERE IS IT FOUND?

A

Found in in pairs in the nucleus, a chromosome is a linear arrangement of genes

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3
Q

WHAT IS A GENE?

A

A section of DNA

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4
Q

WHAT DO GENES CONTROL?

A

Specific characteristics in the body

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5
Q

WHEN DOES MITOSIS TAKE PLACE?

A

When an organism grows, replaces worn out cells, or repairs damaged cells

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6
Q

DESCRIBE THE PROCESS OF MITOSIS

A
  1. All the chromosomes and genes in the mother cell are copied.
  2. The cell divides to produce two daughter cells.
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7
Q

HOW MANY PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES ARE IN THE HUMAN BODY?

A

23

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8
Q

WHAT RELATION DO THE DAUGHTER CELLS HAVE TO THE MOTHER CELLS IN MITOSIS?

A

They are genetically identical

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9
Q

WHAT OCCURS IN MITOSIS IS UNCONTROLLED?

A

Cancer

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10
Q

WHEN DOES MEIOSIS TAKE PLACE?

A

To produce gametes (sex cells)

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11
Q

DESCRIBE THE PROCESS OF MEIOSIS

A
  1. All the chromosomes and genes in the mother cell are copied.
  2. The cell divides twice to form four gametes. Each gamete has half the number of chromosomes of the original mother cell.
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12
Q

WHAT RELATION DO THE GAMETES HAVE TO THE MOTHER CELLS IN MEIOSIS?

A

All gametes are genetically different from each other – they show variation

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13
Q

WHAT ARE STEM CELLS?

A

An undifferentiated cell that can develop into a specialised cell. Specialised cells include nerve, bone, and muscle cells

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14
Q

HOW IS A STEM CELL USED?

A

To replace cells that have been damaged or destroyed. For example, cases of spinal cord or brain injury which have led to paralysis.

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15
Q

WHERE CAN ADULT STEM CELLS BE FOUND?

A

In bone marrow

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16
Q

WHAT IS AN EMBRYONIC CELL?

A

Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into a wider range of cell types. The best source is the five-day-old embryo. These are often unused embryos from IVF treatment.

17
Q

WHY DO PEOPLE OBJECT TO THE USE OF EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS?

A

Many people object to the use of embryos in stem cell medicine because a potential life (the embryo) is destroyed.

WJEC GCSE BIOLOGY (8 decks)

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