2.3 Coasts + weather

Question 1

Corrasion

Answer 1

The wearing away of the cliffs by the load carried carried by the sea

Question 2

Hydronic action

Answer 2

The force of air and water when the waves break

Question 3

Solution (corrosion)

Answer 3

The removal of chemical ions, especially calcium, which cause rocks to dissolve

Question 4

Attrition

Answer 4

The wearing away of the load carried by the sea

Question 5

Fringing reefs

Answer 5

Reefs that grow outwards around an island

Question 6

Barrier reef?

Answer 6

A reef espérâtes from the coast by a deep channel

Question 7

Name 4 Marine processes

Answer 7

Wave action from constructive and destructive waves
Wind action
mass movement and weathering
river and ice actions

Question 8

What makes a wave constructive rather than destructive

Answer 8

Long does wavelength
Low height below 1m
Low frequency (6-8) per minute
Swash is larger than backwash

Question 9

Name4 processes of transportation

Answer 9

Traction - larger particles dragged along sea floor
Saltation - bounced along sea floor
Suspension - very fine materials
Solution - dissolved sediments (calcium)

Question 10

What causes deposition

Answer 10

A decrease in wave velocity
a large supply of material
irregular, indented coast line (river mouths)

Question 11

what is an atoll

Answer 11

A circular reef enclosing a shallow lagoon

Question 12

what forms a bay

Answer 12

Soft rock eroded

Question 13

What causes a headland

Answer 13

Hard rock

Question 14

what are the coral reef conditions

Answer 14

Clear, salt water with a temp of over 20*
shallow coastal water
a supply of water + plankton

Question 15

what is a mangrove

Answer 15

salt-tolerant forests of trees and shrubs

Question 16

what is a hurricane

Answer 16

hurricanes are intense tropical storms that bring heavy rainfall, strong winds and high waves. Their paths are erratic so 12hours is most advance warning

Question 17

characteristics of a hurricane

Answer 17

develop as intense low-pressure systems over tropical oceans.
have a calm central area, known as the eye, around which winds spiral rapidly.
diameter of up to 800km

Question 18

what do hurricanes need in order to develop

Answer 18

water above 27*
needs moisture
occurs away from equator

Question 19

why are HICs better prepared for hurricanes

Answer 19

better access to equipment - improved monitoring.
enforced building codes resulting in better protection.
more training and evacuation drills

Question 20

what does Tsunami stand for

Answer 20

harbour wave

Question 21

where do 90% of Tsunamis occur

Answer 21

Pacific basin

Question 22

what caused the South Asian Tsunami

Answer 22

a giant earthquake 9.0 richter scale and landslide caused by indian plate under the Eurasian plate

Question 23

how many people died during the 2004 South Asian Tsunami

Answer 23

240,000

Question 24

CASE STUDY: Opportunity’s, associated hazards and the management of the dubai coastline.

Answer 24

United Arab Emirates has been developing large scale since 2001
Two palm shaped islands, Palm Jumierah and Palm Jebel Ali, were completed in 2007
2003 unveiled Palm Deira aswell as a collection of over 300 islands each in shape of a country.
PROBLMS: because of uncontrolled development and lack of scientific monitoring….

water circulation - algal blooms
fish colonies that have colonised are invasive.

Question 25

Problems associated with new islands dubai built

Answer 25

Gulf region already lost 70% of its coral reefs since 2001, almost of the remaining reefs are threatened/degraded.
Construction of Palm Jebel Ali - destroyed 8km2 of natural reef

Question 26

what is a isohyt? 🤔

Answer 26

A line in a map which joins areas of equal rainfall 😈

Question 27

what is a stevenson screen

Answer 27

A Stevenson screen is a wooden box standing on four legs at a height of about 120cm.

Question 28

how is a stevenson screen adapted to its job?

Answer 28

Raised so that air temp can be measured.
Sides of the box are slatted to allow air to move freely
Roof is double boarded to prevent sun heat.

Question 29

Why is a stevenson screen painted white

Answer 29

Painted white to reflect much of the suns energy

Question 30

Why is a stevenson screen placed on grass as oppose to concrete

Answer 30

reduced the radiation of heat from the ground

Question 31

What are the instruments kept inside a stevenson screen

Answer 31

Maximum-minimum thermometer

Wet light bulb
Dry light bulb

Question 32

What measures rain

Answer 32

Rain-gauge