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Geography IGCSE > 2.3 Coasts + weather > Flashcards

2.3 Coasts + weather Flashcards

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1
Q

Corrasion

A

The wearing away of the cliffs by the load carried carried by the sea

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2
Q

Hydronic action

A

The force of air and water when the waves break

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3
Q

Solution (corrosion)

A

The removal of chemical ions, especially calcium, which cause rocks to dissolve

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4
Q

Attrition

A

The wearing away of the load carried by the sea

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5
Q

Fringing reefs

A

Reefs that grow outwards around an island

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6
Q

Barrier reef?

A

A reef espérâtes from the coast by a deep channel

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7
Q

Name 4 Marine processes

A

Wave action from constructive and destructive waves
Wind action
mass movement and weathering
river and ice actions

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8
Q

What makes a wave constructive rather than destructive

A

Long does wavelength
Low height below 1m
Low frequency (6-8) per minute
Swash is larger than backwash

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9
Q

Name4 processes of transportation

A

Traction - larger particles dragged along sea floor
Saltation - bounced along sea floor
Suspension - very fine materials
Solution - dissolved sediments (calcium)

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10
Q

What causes deposition

A

A decrease in wave velocity
a large supply of material
irregular, indented coast line (river mouths)

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11
Q

what is an atoll

A

A circular reef enclosing a shallow lagoon

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12
Q

what forms a bay

A

Soft rock eroded

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13
Q

What causes a headland

A

Hard rock

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14
Q

what are the coral reef conditions

A

Clear, salt water with a temp of over 20*
shallow coastal water
a supply of water + plankton

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15
Q

what is a mangrove

A

salt-tolerant forests of trees and shrubs

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16
Q

what is a hurricane

A

hurricanes are intense tropical storms that bring heavy rainfall, strong winds and high waves. Their paths are erratic so 12hours is most advance warning

17
Q

characteristics of a hurricane

A

develop as intense low-pressure systems over tropical oceans.
have a calm central area, known as the eye, around which winds spiral rapidly.
diameter of up to 800km

18
Q

what do hurricanes need in order to develop

A

water above 27*
needs moisture
occurs away from equator

19
Q

why are HICs better prepared for hurricanes

A

better access to equipment - improved monitoring.
enforced building codes resulting in better protection.
more training and evacuation drills

20
Q

what does Tsunami stand for

A

harbour wave

21
Q

where do 90% of Tsunamis occur

A

Pacific basin

22
Q

what caused the South Asian Tsunami

A

a giant earthquake 9.0 richter scale and landslide caused by indian plate under the Eurasian plate

23
Q

how many people died during the 2004 South Asian Tsunami

A

240,000

24
Q

CASE STUDY: Opportunity’s, associated hazards and the management of the dubai coastline.

A

United Arab Emirates has been developing large scale since 2001
Two palm shaped islands, Palm Jumierah and Palm Jebel Ali, were completed in 2007
2003 unveiled Palm Deira aswell as a collection of over 300 islands each in shape of a country.
PROBLMS: because of uncontrolled development and lack of scientific monitoring….

water circulation - algal blooms
fish colonies that have colonised are invasive.

25
Q

Problems associated with new islands dubai built

A

Gulf region already lost 70% of its coral reefs since 2001, almost of the remaining reefs are threatened/degraded.
Construction of Palm Jebel Ali - destroyed 8km2 of natural reef

26
Q

what is a isohyt? 🤔

A

A line in a map which joins areas of equal rainfall 😈

27
Q

what is a stevenson screen

A

A Stevenson screen is a wooden box standing on four legs at a height of about 120cm.

28
Q

how is a stevenson screen adapted to its job?

A

Raised so that air temp can be measured.
Sides of the box are slatted to allow air to move freely
Roof is double boarded to prevent sun heat.

29
Q

Why is a stevenson screen painted white

A

Painted white to reflect much of the suns energy

30
Q

Why is a stevenson screen placed on grass as oppose to concrete

A

reduced the radiation of heat from the ground

31
Q

What are the instruments kept inside a stevenson screen

A

Maximum-minimum thermometer

Wet light bulb
Dry light bulb

32
Q

What measures rain

A

Rain-gauge

Geography IGCSE (9 decks)

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