2.3 Coasts + weather Flashcards
Corrasion
The wearing away of the cliffs by the load carried carried by the sea
Hydronic action
The force of air and water when the waves break
Solution (corrosion)
The removal of chemical ions, especially calcium, which cause rocks to dissolve
Attrition
The wearing away of the load carried by the sea
Fringing reefs
Reefs that grow outwards around an island
Barrier reef?
A reef espérâtes from the coast by a deep channel
Name 4 Marine processes
Wave action from constructive and destructive waves
Wind action
mass movement and weathering
river and ice actions
What makes a wave constructive rather than destructive
Long does wavelength
Low height below 1m
Low frequency (6-8) per minute
Swash is larger than backwash
Name4 processes of transportation
Traction - larger particles dragged along sea floor
Saltation - bounced along sea floor
Suspension - very fine materials
Solution - dissolved sediments (calcium)
What causes deposition
A decrease in wave velocity
a large supply of material
irregular, indented coast line (river mouths)
what is an atoll
A circular reef enclosing a shallow lagoon
what forms a bay
Soft rock eroded
What causes a headland
Hard rock
what are the coral reef conditions
Clear, salt water with a temp of over 20*
shallow coastal water
a supply of water + plankton
what is a mangrove
salt-tolerant forests of trees and shrubs
what is a hurricane
hurricanes are intense tropical storms that bring heavy rainfall, strong winds and high waves. Their paths are erratic so 12hours is most advance warning
characteristics of a hurricane
develop as intense low-pressure systems over tropical oceans.
have a calm central area, known as the eye, around which winds spiral rapidly.
diameter of up to 800km
what do hurricanes need in order to develop
water above 27*
needs moisture
occurs away from equator
why are HICs better prepared for hurricanes
better access to equipment - improved monitoring.
enforced building codes resulting in better protection.
more training and evacuation drills
what does Tsunami stand for
harbour wave
where do 90% of Tsunamis occur
Pacific basin
what caused the South Asian Tsunami
a giant earthquake 9.0 richter scale and landslide caused by indian plate under the Eurasian plate
how many people died during the 2004 South Asian Tsunami
240,000
CASE STUDY: Opportunity’s, associated hazards and the management of the dubai coastline.
United Arab Emirates has been developing large scale since 2001
Two palm shaped islands, Palm Jumierah and Palm Jebel Ali, were completed in 2007
2003 unveiled Palm Deira aswell as a collection of over 300 islands each in shape of a country.
PROBLMS: because of uncontrolled development and lack of scientific monitoring….
water circulation - algal blooms
fish colonies that have colonised are invasive.
Problems associated with new islands dubai built
Gulf region already lost 70% of its coral reefs since 2001, almost of the remaining reefs are threatened/degraded.
Construction of Palm Jebel Ali - destroyed 8km2 of natural reef
what is a isohyt? 🤔
A line in a map which joins areas of equal rainfall 😈
what is a stevenson screen
A Stevenson screen is a wooden box standing on four legs at a height of about 120cm.
how is a stevenson screen adapted to its job?
Raised so that air temp can be measured.
Sides of the box are slatted to allow air to move freely
Roof is double boarded to prevent sun heat.
Why is a stevenson screen painted white
Painted white to reflect much of the suns energy
Why is a stevenson screen placed on grass as oppose to concrete
reduced the radiation of heat from the ground
What are the instruments kept inside a stevenson screen
Maximum-minimum thermometer
Wet light bulb
Dry light bulb
What measures rain
Rain-gauge
