1.2 Migration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Migration

A

The movement of people across a specific boundary, national or international, to establish a new permanent place of residence

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2
Q

Push and pull factors

A

Push factors are negative conditions at the point of origin, which encourage or force people to move. In contrast, pull factors are positive conditions at the point of destination, which encourage people to migrate.

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3
Q

Refugees

A

People forced to flee their homes due to human or environmental factors who cross an international border into another country.

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4
Q

Internally displaced people

A

People forced to flee their home due to human or environmental factors who remain in the same country.

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5
Q

Rural-to-urban migration

A

The movement of significant numbers of people from countryside to town or cities.

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6
Q

Remittances

A

Money sent back to their families in their home communities by migrants

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7
Q

What is voluntary migration

A

When the individual has a free choice whether to migrate or not

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8
Q

What is involuntary migration

A

People are made to move against their will, this may be due to human or environmental factors.

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9
Q

Difference between immigration and emigration

A

Immigration is migration into a country a and emigration is migration out of a country

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10
Q

What has increased migration trends

A

Globalisation
advances in transport and communication
and a reduction in the real cost of both

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11
Q

Why do people migrate internally

A

rural-to urban migration to seek employment and a higher standard of living.

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12
Q

Since when has internal migration been high

A

in the 1950s NEDCs have undertaken high rural-to urban migration.

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13
Q

What is the largest rural-to-urban migration in history.

A

China where more than 150 million people have moved

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14
Q

what trends can be indentified in developed countries. (concerning the redistribution of population since the late eighteenth century)

A

Urbanisation (lasted until about 1970)

Counterurbanisation (dominant ever since)

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15
Q

What is depopulation

A

Absolute decline in the population of an area, usually do to high level of out-migration… generally the most isolated rural areas that are affected.

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16
Q

What is counter urbanisation

A

Process of population decentralisation as people move from large urban areas to small urban settlements

17
Q

Objective of Counter urbanisation

A

Better quality of life

18
Q

Difference between im/migration and in/out migration

A

i’m/migration are terms used for crossing international borders
in/out migration are internal movements within one country

19
Q

Positives Impacts of migration on country of origin

A

Remittances are major source of income
Emigration can ease levels of unemployment/underemployment
Reduces pressure on public survives

20
Q

Negative impacts of migration on country of origin

A

Outflow of young migrants make an aging population
Loss of young workers with vital skills
Agricultural output falls

21
Q

Positive impacts of migration on country of destination

A

Increase in the pool of available labour- can reduce inflation
increases cultural diversity
influx of young migrants can reduce ageing population

22
Q

Negatives of migration on country of destination

A

Migrants may be perceived as taking jobs from people
Increased pressure on housing stock and services
Significant change in ethnic balance causing possible tension

23
Q

Positive impacts of migrant migrating

A

Wages are higher than country of origin
Wider choice of job opportunities
ability to support family members in country of origin through remittance

24
Q

Negative impacts of migrants migrating

A

The financial cost of migration can be high
Migration means separation from family and friends
There may be problems setting into a new culture

25
Q

Positives of Remittance

A

Helps alleviate poverty

Spur investment and create a multiplier effect

26
Q

CASE STUDY: mexico to US

A

higher income in USA
Lower unemployment in USA
Better quality of life

(FAIR) opposes large scale immigration from Mexico arguing
Undermines employment opportunities
has negative effect on environment
Threatens US cultural values

IMPACTS OF THE MIGRATION ON MEXICO INCLIDE:
remittance - 24 billion
reduced unemployment
lower pressure on housing
migrants returning to mexico with changed values