1.2 Migration Flashcards
What is Migration
The movement of people across a specific boundary, national or international, to establish a new permanent place of residence
Push and pull factors
Push factors are negative conditions at the point of origin, which encourage or force people to move. In contrast, pull factors are positive conditions at the point of destination, which encourage people to migrate.
Refugees
People forced to flee their homes due to human or environmental factors who cross an international border into another country.
Internally displaced people
People forced to flee their home due to human or environmental factors who remain in the same country.
Rural-to-urban migration
The movement of significant numbers of people from countryside to town or cities.
Remittances
Money sent back to their families in their home communities by migrants
What is voluntary migration
When the individual has a free choice whether to migrate or not
What is involuntary migration
People are made to move against their will, this may be due to human or environmental factors.
Difference between immigration and emigration
Immigration is migration into a country a and emigration is migration out of a country
What has increased migration trends
Globalisation
advances in transport and communication
and a reduction in the real cost of both
Why do people migrate internally
rural-to urban migration to seek employment and a higher standard of living.
Since when has internal migration been high
in the 1950s NEDCs have undertaken high rural-to urban migration.
What is the largest rural-to-urban migration in history.
China where more than 150 million people have moved
what trends can be indentified in developed countries. (concerning the redistribution of population since the late eighteenth century)
Urbanisation (lasted until about 1970)
Counterurbanisation (dominant ever since)
What is depopulation
Absolute decline in the population of an area, usually do to high level of out-migration… generally the most isolated rural areas that are affected.
What is counter urbanisation
Process of population decentralisation as people move from large urban areas to small urban settlements
Objective of Counter urbanisation
Better quality of life
Difference between im/migration and in/out migration
i’m/migration are terms used for crossing international borders
in/out migration are internal movements within one country
Positives Impacts of migration on country of origin
Remittances are major source of income
Emigration can ease levels of unemployment/underemployment
Reduces pressure on public survives
Negative impacts of migration on country of origin
Outflow of young migrants make an aging population
Loss of young workers with vital skills
Agricultural output falls
Positive impacts of migration on country of destination
Increase in the pool of available labour- can reduce inflation
increases cultural diversity
influx of young migrants can reduce ageing population
Negatives of migration on country of destination
Migrants may be perceived as taking jobs from people
Increased pressure on housing stock and services
Significant change in ethnic balance causing possible tension
Positive impacts of migrant migrating
Wages are higher than country of origin
Wider choice of job opportunities
ability to support family members in country of origin through remittance
Negative impacts of migrants migrating
The financial cost of migration can be high
Migration means separation from family and friends
There may be problems setting into a new culture
Positives of Remittance
Helps alleviate poverty
Spur investment and create a multiplier effect
CASE STUDY: mexico to US
higher income in USA
Lower unemployment in USA
Better quality of life
(FAIR) opposes large scale immigration from Mexico arguing
Undermines employment opportunities
has negative effect on environment
Threatens US cultural values
IMPACTS OF THE MIGRATION ON MEXICO INCLIDE:
remittance - 24 billion
reduced unemployment
lower pressure on housing
migrants returning to mexico with changed values
