1.2 Migration

Question 1

What is Migration

Answer 1

The movement of people across a specific boundary, national or international, to establish a new permanent place of residence

Question 2

Push and pull factors

Answer 2

Push factors are negative conditions at the point of origin, which encourage or force people to move. In contrast, pull factors are positive conditions at the point of destination, which encourage people to migrate.

Question 3

Refugees

Answer 3

People forced to flee their homes due to human or environmental factors who cross an international border into another country.

Question 4

Internally displaced people

Answer 4

People forced to flee their home due to human or environmental factors who remain in the same country.

Question 5

Rural-to-urban migration

Answer 5

The movement of significant numbers of people from countryside to town or cities.

Question 6

Remittances

Answer 6

Money sent back to their families in their home communities by migrants

Question 7

What is voluntary migration

Answer 7

When the individual has a free choice whether to migrate or not

Question 8

What is involuntary migration

Answer 8

People are made to move against their will, this may be due to human or environmental factors.

Question 9

Difference between immigration and emigration

Answer 9

Immigration is migration into a country a and emigration is migration out of a country

Question 10

What has increased migration trends

Answer 10

Globalisation
advances in transport and communication
and a reduction in the real cost of both

Question 11

Why do people migrate internally

Answer 11

rural-to urban migration to seek employment and a higher standard of living.

Question 12

Since when has internal migration been high

Answer 12

in the 1950s NEDCs have undertaken high rural-to urban migration.

Question 13

What is the largest rural-to-urban migration in history.

Answer 13

China where more than 150 million people have moved

Question 14

what trends can be indentified in developed countries. (concerning the redistribution of population since the late eighteenth century)

Answer 14

Urbanisation (lasted until about 1970)

Counterurbanisation (dominant ever since)

Question 15

What is depopulation

Answer 15

Absolute decline in the population of an area, usually do to high level of out-migration… generally the most isolated rural areas that are affected.

Question 16

What is counter urbanisation

Answer 16

Process of population decentralisation as people move from large urban areas to small urban settlements

Question 17

Objective of Counter urbanisation

Answer 17

Better quality of life

Question 18

Difference between im/migration and in/out migration

Answer 18

i’m/migration are terms used for crossing international borders
in/out migration are internal movements within one country

Question 19

Positives Impacts of migration on country of origin

Answer 19

Remittances are major source of income
Emigration can ease levels of unemployment/underemployment
Reduces pressure on public survives

Question 20

Negative impacts of migration on country of origin

Answer 20

Outflow of young migrants make an aging population
Loss of young workers with vital skills
Agricultural output falls

Question 21

Positive impacts of migration on country of destination

Answer 21

Increase in the pool of available labour- can reduce inflation
increases cultural diversity
influx of young migrants can reduce ageing population

Question 22

Negatives of migration on country of destination

Answer 22

Migrants may be perceived as taking jobs from people
Increased pressure on housing stock and services
Significant change in ethnic balance causing possible tension

Question 23

Positive impacts of migrant migrating

Answer 23

Wages are higher than country of origin
Wider choice of job opportunities
ability to support family members in country of origin through remittance

Question 24

Negative impacts of migrants migrating

Answer 24

The financial cost of migration can be high
Migration means separation from family and friends
There may be problems setting into a new culture

Question 25

Positives of Remittance

Answer 25

Helps alleviate poverty

Spur investment and create a multiplier effect

Question 26

CASE STUDY: mexico to US

Answer 26

higher income in USA
Lower unemployment in USA
Better quality of life

(FAIR) opposes large scale immigration from Mexico arguing
Undermines employment opportunities
has negative effect on environment
Threatens US cultural values

IMPACTS OF THE MIGRATION ON MEXICO INCLIDE:
remittance - 24 billion
reduced unemployment
lower pressure on housing
migrants returning to mexico with changed values