2.3 - Carbohydrates and lipids Flashcards
What are organic and inorganic compounds?
Organic - compounds that contain carbon (found in living organisms)
Inorganic - compounds that don’t contain carbon
What are monosaccharides?
Sources of fuel which can be converted to other molecules/combined into polymers
Name 3 examples of monosaccharides.
Glucose, fructose and galactose
What are disaccharides?
Sources of fuel which can also be converted to other molecules/combined into polymers
Name 3 examples of disaccharides.
Maltose, lactose and sucrose
What are polysaccharides?
Many monosaccharides linked together
What are polysaccharides used for?
Plant cell walls, storing energy, exoskeletons
Name 3 examples of polysaccharides.
Starch, glycogen and cellulose
What are two similarities between carbs and lipids?
- They both are used to store energy
- They are both organic compounds
Name some properties of lipids.
- Long term energy storage
- Insoluble in water
- Hard to transport around organism
- More energy Pg than carbs
- Needs more oxygen to release energy
Name three functions of lipids.
- Energy storage
- Thermal insulation
- Buoyancy
Which one out of starch, cellulose and glycogen is found in animals?
Glycogen
When two monosaccharides combine, one molecule loses an __ group and the other an _.
OH
H
How does the shape of a cellulose molecule differ from that of other polysaccharides?
It is formed from long straight molecules which are linked together by H bonds
How are triglycerides formed?
Condensation of the three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule
Each fatty acid is linked to how many glycerols, releasing how many water molecules?
1 glycerol
3 water molecules
Is triglyceride soluble/insoluble?
Insoluble
What is glucose’s function in animals?
- Energy source
- Easily absorbed
What is lactose’s function in animals?
- Energy source
- Found in milk used to nurse young
What is glycogen’s function in animals?
- Insoluble energy storage in animals and fungi
- Found in muscle and liver cells for short term energy storage
Name a function of cellulose in plants.
- Strong bundles used for cell walls to prevent bursting
Name a function of starch in plants.
- Used as a store of glucose (found in seeds)
- Produced as an energy store
What is a saturated fatty acid?
A chain of carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms attached by single covalent bonds
What is a monounsaturated fatty acid?
It is also a chain of carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms attached, but containing one double bond in the fatty acid chain
What is a polyunsaturated fatty acid?
A fatty acid which contains more than one double bond
What is the similarity between a cis and trans fatty acid?
These forms of fatty acids are found in unsaturated fatty acid molecules
How can you distinguish a trans fatty acid from a cis fatty acid?
If one hydrogen atom is missing from each side of the fatty acid it is a trans fatty acid
Where can trans fatty acids be produced?
They can be artificially produced from vegetable or fish oil
Is there a correlation between the amount of saturated fat in a person’s diet + the likelihood of developing CHD?
Yes - there seems to be a positive correlation
Where can omega-3 group fatty acids be found in?
Salmon, pilchards and walnuts
What are omega-3 group fatty acids used for?
Synthesizing long chain fatty acids in the nervous system
How are phospholipids formed?
When a triglyceride combines with a phosphate group. The phosphate combines with one of he three OH groups of glycerol and two fatty acid chains
