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IB Biology > 2.3 - Carbohydrates and lipids > Flashcards

2.3 - Carbohydrates and lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

What are organic and inorganic compounds?

A

Organic - compounds that contain carbon (found in living organisms)
Inorganic - compounds that don’t contain carbon

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2
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

Sources of fuel which can be converted to other molecules/combined into polymers

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3
Q

Name 3 examples of monosaccharides.

A

Glucose, fructose and galactose

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4
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

Sources of fuel which can also be converted to other molecules/combined into polymers

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5
Q

Name 3 examples of disaccharides.

A

Maltose, lactose and sucrose

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6
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

Many monosaccharides linked together

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7
Q

What are polysaccharides used for?

A

Plant cell walls, storing energy, exoskeletons

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8
Q

Name 3 examples of polysaccharides.

A

Starch, glycogen and cellulose

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9
Q

What are two similarities between carbs and lipids?

A
  • They both are used to store energy

- They are both organic compounds

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10
Q

Name some properties of lipids.

A
  • Long term energy storage
  • Insoluble in water
  • Hard to transport around organism
  • More energy Pg than carbs
  • Needs more oxygen to release energy
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11
Q

Name three functions of lipids.

A
  • Energy storage
  • Thermal insulation
  • Buoyancy
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12
Q

Which one out of starch, cellulose and glycogen is found in animals?

A

Glycogen

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13
Q

When two monosaccharides combine, one molecule loses an __ group and the other an _.

A

OH

H

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14
Q

How does the shape of a cellulose molecule differ from that of other polysaccharides?

A

It is formed from long straight molecules which are linked together by H bonds

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15
Q

How are triglycerides formed?

A

Condensation of the three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule

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16
Q

Each fatty acid is linked to how many glycerols, releasing how many water molecules?

A

1 glycerol

3 water molecules

17
Q

Is triglyceride soluble/insoluble?

A

Insoluble

18
Q

What is glucose’s function in animals?

A
  • Energy source

- Easily absorbed

19
Q

What is lactose’s function in animals?

A
  • Energy source

- Found in milk used to nurse young

20
Q

What is glycogen’s function in animals?

A
  • Insoluble energy storage in animals and fungi

- Found in muscle and liver cells for short term energy storage

21
Q

Name a function of cellulose in plants.

A
  • Strong bundles used for cell walls to prevent bursting
22
Q

Name a function of starch in plants.

A
  • Used as a store of glucose (found in seeds)

- Produced as an energy store

23
Q

What is a saturated fatty acid?

A

A chain of carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms attached by single covalent bonds

24
Q

What is a monounsaturated fatty acid?

A

It is also a chain of carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms attached, but containing one double bond in the fatty acid chain

25
Q

What is a polyunsaturated fatty acid?

A

A fatty acid which contains more than one double bond

26
Q

What is the similarity between a cis and trans fatty acid?

A

These forms of fatty acids are found in unsaturated fatty acid molecules

27
Q

How can you distinguish a trans fatty acid from a cis fatty acid?

A

If one hydrogen atom is missing from each side of the fatty acid it is a trans fatty acid

28
Q

Where can trans fatty acids be produced?

A

They can be artificially produced from vegetable or fish oil

29
Q

Is there a correlation between the amount of saturated fat in a person’s diet + the likelihood of developing CHD?

A

Yes - there seems to be a positive correlation

30
Q

Where can omega-3 group fatty acids be found in?

A

Salmon, pilchards and walnuts

31
Q

What are omega-3 group fatty acids used for?

A

Synthesizing long chain fatty acids in the nervous system

32
Q

How are phospholipids formed?

A

When a triglyceride combines with a phosphate group. The phosphate combines with one of he three OH groups of glycerol and two fatty acid chains

IB Biology (16 decks)

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