2.1 - Molecules to metabolism

Question 1

How many covalent bonds can carbon form?

Answer 1

Four

Question 2

How is methane relevant with carbon atoms?

Answer 2

It is the simplest compound a carbon atom can form

Question 3

Name the four key organic molecules which are vital to life.

Answer 3

Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins

Question 4

What do all three CLPN molecules contain?

Answer 4

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, but in different proportions - proteins contain nitrogen

Question 5

A ____ is a small molecule that reacts with a similar molecule to form a larger molecule.

Answer 5

Monomer

Question 6

Polymers are _______.

Answer 6

Materials made of long, repeating chains of molecules.

Question 7

What are carbohydrates built up of?

Answer 7

Monomers of glucose

Question 8

What is an organic compound?

Answer 8

A compound that contains carbon and is found in living things

Question 9

Draw an alpha and beta glucose molecule.

Answer 9

-

Question 10

What is a single glucose molecule called?

Answer 10

Monosaccharide

Question 11

How is a disaccharide formed?

Answer 11

Two molecules linking together.

Question 12

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 12

Chains of monosaccharides linked together

Question 13

What is the proper term to describe fats and oils?

Answer 13

Triglycerides

Question 14

Lipids contain ___ ____ ___ linked to glycerol hence the name triglyceride.

Answer 14

Three fatty acids

Question 15

What are amino acids?

Answer 15

Proteins built up of monomers (these are amino acids)

Question 16

What does each nucleotide contain?

Answer 16

A pentose sugar

Question 17

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 17

Two molecules joining to form larger molecules

Question 18

Describe the condensation reaction in detail.

Answer 18

This reaction links monomers to form macromolecules by forming covalent bonds between them - each reaction requires an enzyme + produces one molecule of water

Question 19

What is the difference between condensation reactions and hydrolysis?

Answer 19

Condensation - links monomers to form larger molecules using enzymes, producing water
Hydrolysis - uses water and enzymes to break larger molecules down, forming monomers

Question 20

Name an example of a hydrolysis reaction.

Answer 20

Digestion/cellular respiration