2.1 - Molecules to metabolism Flashcards
How many covalent bonds can carbon form?
Four
How is methane relevant with carbon atoms?
It is the simplest compound a carbon atom can form
Name the four key organic molecules which are vital to life.
Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins
What do all three CLPN molecules contain?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, but in different proportions - proteins contain nitrogen
A ____ is a small molecule that reacts with a similar molecule to form a larger molecule.
Monomer
Polymers are _______.
Materials made of long, repeating chains of molecules.
What are carbohydrates built up of?
Monomers of glucose
What is an organic compound?
A compound that contains carbon and is found in living things
Draw an alpha and beta glucose molecule.
-
What is a single glucose molecule called?
Monosaccharide
How is a disaccharide formed?
Two molecules linking together.
What is a polysaccharide?
Chains of monosaccharides linked together
What is the proper term to describe fats and oils?
Triglycerides
Lipids contain ___ ____ ___ linked to glycerol hence the name triglyceride.
Three fatty acids
What are amino acids?
Proteins built up of monomers (these are amino acids)
What does each nucleotide contain?
A pentose sugar
What is a condensation reaction?
Two molecules joining to form larger molecules
Describe the condensation reaction in detail.
This reaction links monomers to form macromolecules by forming covalent bonds between them - each reaction requires an enzyme + produces one molecule of water
What is the difference between condensation reactions and hydrolysis?
Condensation - links monomers to form larger molecules using enzymes, producing water
Hydrolysis - uses water and enzymes to break larger molecules down, forming monomers
Name an example of a hydrolysis reaction.
Digestion/cellular respiration
