23 (3) JUL - 10 AUG 2023

Question 1

Nigro regimen

Answer 1

5-fluorouracil, mitomycin C, and pelvic radiation therapy with 50 Gy to the primary carcinoma and 35 to 45 Gy to the pelvic inguinal lymph nodes

Question 2

what is the most common location of an ectopic right superior parathyroid gland?

Answer 2

tracheoesophageal groove

Question 3

cold ischemia time for:

• liver
• kidney
• pancreas
• lungs

Answer 3

• liver: 12 hours
• kidney 24 hours
• pancreas 12 hours
• lungs 6 hours

Question 4

The best initial treatment for cardiogenic shock is administration of an inotrope (e.g., ______________) with a goal to raise CI > ___

Answer 4

• dobutamine
• 2

Question 5

A ___% level of carboxyhemoglobin produces confusion

Answer 5

20%

Question 6

A flow velocity ratio between the renal artery and aorta of more than ___ is considered abnormal and indicative of renal artery stenosis

If diagnosing by systolic velocity, a flow of more than ____ cm/s is consistent with renal artery stenosis

Answer 6

• 3.5
• 180

Question 7

In a patient on dialysis, optimal long-term anticoagulation is best provided by:

Answer 7

vitamin K antagonists such as warfarin

Question 8

what veins enter the IVC above the renal veins?

Answer 8

• hepatic veins
• right gonadal vein
• inferior phrenic veins

Question 9

The appropriate margin for DCIS is __ mm

Answer 9

2 mm

Question 10

nonseptated hyphae with broad, branching angles

Answer 10

mucor

Question 11

treatment of mucor

Answer 11

amphotericin B

Question 12

MESS criteria

Answer 12

• skeletal and soft tissue injury (score 1-4)
• limb ischemia (score 1-3)
• shock (score 0-2)
• age (score 0-2)

Question 13

which thigh compartment should be omitted because it rarely develops compartment syndrome?

Answer 13

medial

Question 14

astric pacemakers are best used on what part of the stomach?

Answer 14

antrum

Question 15

The first-line antihypertensive intraoperatively for pheochromocytoma cases is:

Answer 15

nitroprusside

Question 16

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a _____________–dependent cancer

Answer 16

thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 17

______________ is the tumor marker for PTC

Answer 17

Thyroglobulin

Question 18

_______________ is a tumor marker for medullary thyroid cancer (MTC)

Answer 18

Calcitonin

Question 19

A ______________________ is the best incision to use to gain access to the carina and proximal left mainstem bronchus

Answer 19

right posterolateral thoracotomy

Question 20

Pressure ulcer staging

Answer 20

Stage 1: intact skin characterized by non-blanching erythema

Stage 2: partial thickness injury with loss of dermis. This may present as a shallow ulcer with (1) red or pink wound bed or (2) intact blister or bullae.

Stage 3: full-thickness skin loss with exposure of subcutaneous fat or tissue but no exposed muscle, tendon, or bone.

Stage 4: full-thickness skin loss with exposed muscle, tendon, or bone

Unstageable: lesions with overlying eschar or slough with indeterminable depth