18 SEP - 23 OCT 2023

Question 1

Pygmalion effect

Answer 1

when the researcher expects the new therapy to be better and is more likely to document results as positive

Question 2

_______________ is the best treatment option for a simple unilocular cystic mass in the mesentery of the small bowel

Answer 2

Enucleation

Question 3

in patients with esophageal atresia, the repair is most commonly approached through a ______________ incision

Answer 3

right thoracotomy

Question 4

the most common benign solid liver lesion in an otherwise healthy woman is a:

Answer 4

hemangioma

Question 5

Arterial enhancement and washout on liver CT describes:

Answer 5

hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 6

Strong arterial enhancement with a persistent central scar describes:

Answer 6

FNH

Question 7

peripheral enhancing lesion in the arterial phase is compatible with:

Answer 7

intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Question 8

Peripheral nodular enhancement describes a:

Answer 8

hemangioma

Question 9

Milan criteria

Answer 9

1 tumor < 5 cm or 3 tumors < 3 cm each

Question 10

University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) liver transplant criteria

Answer 10

1 lesion < 6.5 cm or up to 3 lesions < 4.5 cm each and total < 8 cm

Question 11

For patients with esophageal strictures undergoing dilation, _________________ has been shown in randomized trials to provide symptomatic improvement and reduced frequency of periodic dilations

Answer 11

mitomycin C

Question 12

the 4 factors contibruting to bowel function:

Answer 12

1. water content
2. motility
3. stool volume
4. resistance to passage of stool

Question 13

treatment for a pyogenic abscess

Answer 13

percutaneous drainage

Question 14

AAST grading system for renal injuries

Answer 14

Grade I - contusons, intact renal capsule

Grade II - minor parenchyma lacerations extending to the superficial renal cortex, but does not involve the medulla or collecting system

Grade III - major parenchymal lacerations involving renal cortex and medulla, but not the collecting system

Grade IV - major parenchymal laceration extending through the cortex, medulla, and collecting system, and involving the renal vasculature with locally contained hemorrhage

Grade V - shattered kidney

Question 15

formula for free water deficit =

Answer 15

% total body water (fraction) × weight (kg) × (current Na/ideal Na – 1)

Question 16

Sodium levels should not be corrected at a rate of more than __ mEq/day

Answer 16

8

Question 17

rule of thumb for drainage locations of an intersphincteric abscess

Answer 17

‘outward’ drainage whenever an abscess enters, or passes through, skeletal muscle (ie, levator ani, external sphincter). All others should be drained internally through the rectum/anus

Question 18

indications for Rhogam

Answer 18

1. within 72 hours of injury to all Rh-negative pregnant trauma patients unless the injury is remote from the uterus
2. within 72 hours of delivery to Rh-negative mothers with Rh-positive fetuses
3. any circumstance where fetal and maternal blood could have come in contact (fetal-maternal hemorrhage) when Rh status is unknown

Question 19

Oral _________ is the best first-line treatment in acute idiopathic pouchitis

Answer 19

ciprofloxacin

Question 20

_______________________ is recommended for anal margin squamous cell cancers that are well differentiated and less than 2 cm in size

Answer 20

Wide local excision with a 1-cm margin