2.3 / 2.4 Neural and chemical regulation Flashcards
What are stretch receptors?
Responds to the over-expanding of the lungs
What is the role of the chemoreceptors?
detect changes in CO₂ and lactic acid
What is the role of the baroreceptors?
to detect changes in blood pressure
What is the role of the proprioceptors?
detect changes in movement
How is control of ventilation achieved?
chemoreceptors detect increase in carbon dioxide in the blood. An impulse is sent to medulla oblongata. Sympathetic nervous system is stimulates and nerve impulses sent via the phrenic nerve to the inspiratory muscles. Breathing rate and depth increase
What is the order for neural/chemical control for inspiration?
Receptors -> medulla oblongata -> phrenic nerve -> diaphragm and external intercostals
What is the order for neural/chemical control for expiration?
receptors -> medulla oblongata -> intercostal nerve -> abdominals and internal intercostals
Chemical regulation:
controlled with chemoreceptors in aorta and medulla oblongata
detect changes in blood acidity levels, caused by carbon dioxide
stimulate increased breathing via Inspiratory centre
Neural control:
Temperature increases detected by thermoreceptors causing increase in respiratory rate
As lungs expand stretch receptors in lungs stimulate Expiratory centre to cause expiration
Baroreceptors and proprioceptors detect changes in movement and stimulate the respiratory response centre
Hormonal control:
Adrenaline released by adrenal gland responsible for stimulating sympathetic nervous system which increases breathing rate allowing participation to be completed at higher intensity for longer
What are stretch receptors?
located in lungs
prevent lungs over-inflating by sending signals top expiratory centre, which can signal for decrease in breathing rate and depth
