2.1 Lung volumes and impact on sport Flashcards
What is tidal volume?
volume of air breathed in or out per breath
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
volume of air that can be forcibly inspired following a normal breath
What is expiratory reserve volume?
volume of air that can be forcibly expired following a normal breath
What is residual volume?
volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum expiration
What is minute ventilation?
volume of air breathed in or out per minute
What is the structure of the lungs?
air drawn in through nose
passes through pharynx and onto larynx
down trachea
into left and right bronchus
then into bronchioles
then respiratory bronchioles
then alveoli
What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation / exhalation
inhaling: diaphragm tightens, changing from dome shape to flatter shape
opens up lungs allowing air to draw in
exhaling: diaphragm relaxes, moving up and back to dome shape
What muscles are used during inspiration at rest?
diaphragm
external intercostals
What muscles are used during expiration at rest?
Passive: diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax
What muscles are used during inspiration during exercise?
Diaphragm
external intercostals
sternocleidomastoid
scalenes
pectoralis minor
What muscles are used during exspiration during exercise?
Internal intercostals
abdominals
Why does tidal volume increase during exercise?
breathing depth and rate increases in order to supply working muscles with oxygen they require for exercise
as more muscles are involved in inhaling and exhaling.
muscles further expand thoracic cavity, decreasing pressure in the lungs - sucking more air in so pressure gradient between air outside + in gets larger
Does residual volume change during exercise?
residual volume stay the same as air must always be in the lungs to stop the lungs from collapsing and the inside walls from sticking together
What is minute ventilation?
the volume of air inhaled or exhaled from the lungs per minute
