23/24 Nervous System

Question 1

a person’s external expression of his/her inner emotional state

Answer 1

affect

Question 2

continued pupillary dilation instead of constriction in the eye with a pre-chiasmic optic pathway lesion (e.g. optic neuritis) in response to shining a light in the damaged eye after first shining it in the normal eye

Answer 2

afferent pupillary defect (marcus-gunn pupil)

Question 3

a loss of ability to express oneself in writing due to central lesion or to muscular incoordination

Answer 3

agraphia

Question 4

inability to sit down because the though of doing so causes severe anxiety. patient has a feeling of restlessness and an urgent need of movement and complains of a feeling of muscular quivering

Answer 4

akathisia (acathisia)

Question 5

complete or partial loss of muscle movement

Answer 5

akinesia

Question 6

refers to a behavior used to limit pain

Answer 6

antalgic

Question 7

inability to express oneself properly through speech, or loss of verbal comprehension. it is considered to be complete or total when both sensory and motor areas are involved

Answer 7

aphasia

Question 8

impaired ability to coordinate muscular movement usually associated with staggering gait and postural imbalance

Answer 8

ataxia

Question 9

slow, twisting, writhing movements, with larger amplitude than chorea, commonly involving the hands

Answer 9

atheotosis

Question 10

an acute paralysis or weakness of one side of the face that is temporary

Answer 10

bell palsy

Question 11

a general name for a large group of persisting, nonprogressive motor disorders appearing in young children and resulting from brain damage caused by birth trauma or intrauterine pathology

Answer 11

cerebral palsy

Question 12

dance-like, involuntary rapid movemenss. can be associated with huntington disease, rheumatic fever, systemic lupus erythematosus and other conditions

Answer 12

chorea

Question 13

rapidly alternating involuntary contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles

Answer 13

clonus

Question 14

irrecoverable deteriorative mental state, the common end result of many entities. loss of memory and other intellectual functions that is of sufficient severity to interfere with daily functioning

Answer 14

dementia

Question 15

double vision caused by defective function of the extraocular muscles or a disorder of the nerves that innervate the muscles

Answer 15

diplopia

Question 16

defective articulation secondary to a motor deficit involving the lips, tongue, palate, or pharynx (inability to pronounce or articulate words)

Answer 16

dysarthria

Question 17

inability to quickly substitute antagonistic motor impulses to produce antagonistic muscular movements. inability to perform rapid alternating movements (pronation/supination of hands) indicates cerebellar dysfunction

Answer 17

dysdiadochokinesia

Question 18

sensations, as of the pricks of pins and needles, or crawling

Answer 18

dysesthesia

Question 19

defect in voluntary movement. term usually used in relation to various extrapyramidal disorders

Answer 19

dyskinesia

Question 20

impairment of speech resulting from a brain lesion

Answer 20

dysphasia

Question 21

difficulty in speaking; hoarseness. often related to weakness of laryngeal muscles, in which sound production is impaired.

Answer 21

dysphonia

Question 22

impaired or disordered tonicity, especially muscle tone (involuntary muscle spasms)

Answer 22

dystonia

Question 23

an acute inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 23

encephalitis

Question 24

a localized, uncoordinated twitching of a single muscle group innervated by a single motor nerve filament; it is visible or palpable (involuntary)

Answer 24

fasciculations

Question 25

fluent, effortless speech; words are malformed, may be totally incomprehensible. can hear words but cannot relate them to previous experiences. impairment of language comprehension including impaired repetition due to lesion of the posterior left superior temporal gyrus

Answer 25

fluent aphasia (wernicke’s or receptive aphasia)

Question 26

the ability to recognize symbols, shapes, numbers, and letters traced on the skin

Answer 26

graphesthesia

Question 27

blindness for half the field of vision in one or both eyes (indicating a pathological process posterior to the optic chiasm)

Answer 27

hemianopia

Question 28

jerking and twitching movements of one side of the body (involuntary violent flinging or jerking of a limb or limbs in an uncoordinated manner caused by a lesion of the contralateral subthalamus)

Answer 28

hemiballismus

Question 29

inflammation of the meninges

Answer 29

meningitis

Question 30

a progressive autoimmune disorder which causes a degeneration of the myelin sheath of the brain’s white matter

Answer 30

MS multiple scelorsis

Question 31

a congenital defect of the spine that allows the spinal contents to protrude

Answer 31

myelomeningocele (spina bifida)

Question 32

any pathological condition of the spinal cord

Answer 32

myelopathy

Question 33

twitching or clonic spasm of a muscle or group of muscles

Answer 33

myoclonus

Question 34

any disease or abnormal condition of striated muscle (weakness that is usually proximal&raquo_space; distal)

Answer 34

myopathy

Question 35

cannot express oneself using language; few words; laborious effort; primarily uses nouns and verbs (eat pie, get mail) fair to good word comprehension (due to lesion of left inferior frontal lobe)

Answer 35

non-fluent aphasia

Question 36

stiff neck

Answer 36

nuchal rigidity

Question 37

temporary suspension or permanent loss of function (especially loss of sensation or voluntary motion)

Answer 37

paralysis

Question 38

partial or incomplete paralysis

Answer 38

paresis

Question 39

unusual sensation such as numbness, tingling, or burning

Answer 39

paresthesia

Question 40

a condition commonly seen in diabetes of the PNS resulting in a decrease in both motor and sensory function

Answer 40

peripheral neuropathy

Question 41

ability to recognize form of solid objects by touch

Answer 41

stereogenesis

Question 42

sudden disruption of blood flow to the brain

Answer 42

stroke (cerebrovascular accident- CVA)

Question 43

an involuntary movement of a part or parts of the body resulting from alternate contractions of opposite muscles. the trembling may be fine or coarse, rapid or slow, may appear on movement (intention tremor) or improve when the part is employed

Answer 43

tremor