22.8 Using Immoblised Enzymes Flashcards
Why is using isolated enzymes instead of whole organisms advantageous
It less wasteful
More efficient
More specific
They can be given ideal conditions for max product formation
Less downstream processing the pure product is produced
What are the most common isolated enzymes
Extracellular enzymes
Because most microorganisms produce relatively few extracellular enzymes making it easier to identify and isolate the required ones
What is an immobilised enzyme
Enzymes attached to an inert support system over which the substrate passes and is converted to product
Why are the enzymes immobilised
So they can be recovered from the reaction mixture and reused
The enzyme won’t contaminate the end product so less downstream processing is needed
They can produce large quantities of product as they allow continuous production
Advantages of immobilised enzymes
Cheaper because reused Easily separated More reliable Greater temperature tolerance Easy to manipulate
Disadvantages of immobilised enzymes
Reduced efficiency
Higher Initial costs of material
More technical issues
Ways in which enzymes are immobilised
Adsorption
Covalent / ionic bonding
Entrapment
Membrane entrapment
What is glucose isomerise used for
Conversion of glucose to fructose
What is penicillin acylase used for
Formation of semi-synthetic penicillin
These are the same as natural penicillin but effective against penicillin resistant organisms
What is lactase used for
For hydrolysis of lactose to glucose and galactose
What is aminoacylase used for
Production of pure samples of L-amino acids and no D
What enzyme is used to convert acrylonitrile to acrylamide - thus chemical is used to make synthetic polymers
Immobilised nitrilase
What helps starch once broken down into dextrin a break into glucose
Immobilised glucoamylase
