2.2.8 proteins 1: amino acids Flashcards

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1
Q

amino acids

A

monomers of all protein & all amino acids have same basic structure

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2
Q

peptide bond

A

bond formed when 2 amino acids are joined by condensation reaction

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3
Q

properties of proteins & what function this allows

A
  • form structural components (particularly animals) eg. muscles made of proteins
  • tendency to adopt specific shapes makes proteins important as enzymes, antibodies & some hormones
  • membranes have protein constituents that act as carriers/pores for active transport across membranes & facilitated diffusion
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4
Q

which amino acids are ingested by animals (& not made)

A

essential amino acids

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5
Q

what do plants need to be able to make their necessary amino acids

A

access to fixed nitrogen (eg. nitrate)

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6
Q

which elements do all amino acids contain & which element do some contain

A

all: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen & nitrogen
some: sulphur

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7
Q

how many amino acids are proteinogenic (out of 500)

A

20

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8
Q

proteinogenic

A

amino acids found in proteins

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9
Q

structure of amino acids

A
  • each protein chain of amino acids has:
    - amino group (NH2) at 1 end
    - carboxyl group (-COOH) at other end
    - R group = diff. in each amino acids
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10
Q

what can R groups vary in

A
  • size
  • polarity
  • charge
  • some hydrophilic/some hydrophobic
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11
Q

what are amino acids joined by

A

a covalent bond called a peptide bond

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12
Q

what’s involved to make/break a peptide bond

A

make = condensation reaction
break = hydrolysis reaction

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13
Q

which enzyme breaks peptide bonds in the intestines during digestion
- what does this enzyme also break down

A

protease
- also breaks down protein hormones so effects not permanent

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14
Q

name for 2 amino acids joined together

A

dipeptide

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15
Q

what’s a polypeptide

A

long chain of amino acids

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16
Q

what can a protein consist of

A

single polypeptide chain or 1+ chains bonded together