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(bio year 1) 2.2 biological molecules > 2.2.3 carbohydrates 1: sugar > Flashcards

2.2.3 carbohydrates 1: sugar Flashcards

- monosaccharides - disaccharides

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1
Q

carbohydrates

A

group of molecules containing carbon, hydrogen & oxygen

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2
Q

glycosidic bond

A

bond formed between 2 monosaccharides by hydrolysis reaction

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3
Q

in a carbohydrate atom, how many hydrogen/oxygen atoms are there for every 1 carbon

A

hydrogen = 2
oxygen = 1

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4
Q

what do carbohydrates act as? (give examples)

A
  • source of energy eg. glucose
  • store of energy eg. starch, glycogen
  • structural units eg. cellulose (plants), chitin (insects)
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5
Q

3 main groups of carbohydrates

A
  • monosaccharides
  • disaccharides
  • polysaccharides
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6
Q

characteristics of monosaccharides

A
  • lots of C-H bonds = source of energy
  • sugars (sweet)
  • soluble in water
  • insoluble in non-polar solvents
  • exist as straight-chains, ring or cyclic forms
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7
Q

what does the backbone of monosaccharides consist of

A

single-bonded carbon atoms with 1 double-bonded to oxygen atom (carbonyl group)

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8
Q

different sugars can have different numbers of carbon atoms:

A

hexose = 6
pentose = 5
triose = 3

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9
Q

monosaccharide hexose sugar are monomers of more complex carbohydrates
what do they bond together to form

A

disaccharides or polysaccharides

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10
Q

example of monosaccharide hexose sugar

A

glucose

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11
Q

in a solution, which sugars exist as straight chains

A

triose & tetrose sugars

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12
Q

which sugars are more likely to be found in ring/cyclic form (in solution)

A

pentose & hexose sugars

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13
Q

in the straight chain form, explain the isomer of glucose

A

-OH & -H are reversed

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14
Q

in ring shape form, what are the 2 isomers of glucose

A

alpha & beta glucose
- the -OH & -H can be above or below plane of ring

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15
Q

describe disaccharides

A
  • sweet
  • soluble
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16
Q

most common disaccharides

A
  • maltose
  • sucrose
  • lactose
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17
Q

which 2 disaccharides are reducing sugars

A

maltose & lactose

18
Q

which disaccharide is a non-reducing sugar

A

sucrose

19
Q

2 monosaccharides bonded for maltose

A

alpha glucose + alpha glucose

20
Q

2 monosaccharides bonded for sucrose

A

alpha glucose + fructose

21
Q

2 monosaccharides bonded for lactose

A

beta galactose + alpha glucose

22
Q

2 monosaccharides bonded for cellobiose

A

beta glucose + beta glucose

23
Q

what happens when 2 monosaccharides join

A
  • condensation reaction occurs
  • forms a glycosidic bond
  • 2 hydroxyl groups line up alongside one another (water molecule removed)
  • oxygen atom acts as link between 2 monosaccharide units
24
Q

how are disaccharides broken into monosaccharides

A
  • via hydrolysis reaction (requires + of water)
  • water provides hydroxyl group & 1 hydrogen which helps glycosidic bond to break
25
Q

draw displayed formula for alpha glucose

A

check in ocr textbook pg. 55

26
Q

draw displayed formula for beta glucose

A

check in ocr textbook pg. 55

27
Q

draw displayed formula for ribose

A

check in ocr textbook pg. 55

28
Q

draw displayed formula for deoxyribose

A

check in ocr textbook pg. 55

29
Q

molecular formula for alpha glucose

A

C6H12O6

30
Q

molecular formula for beta glucose

A

C6H12O6

31
Q

molecular formula for ribose

A

C5H10O5

32
Q

molecular formula for deoxyribose

A

C5H10O4

33
Q

role in the body of alpha glucose

A
  • energy source
  • component of starch & glycogen (energy stores)
34
Q

role in the body of beta glucose

A
  • energy source
  • component of cellulose (structural support for plant cell walls)
35
Q

role in the body of ribose

A
  • component of RNA, ATP & NAD
36
Q

role in the body of deoxyribose

A
  • component of DNA
37
Q

type of sugar (alpha glucose)

A

hexose

38
Q

type of sugar (beta glucose)

A

hexose

39
Q

type of sugar (ribose)

A

pentose

40
Q

type of sugar (deoxyribose)

A

pentose

(bio year 1) 2.2 biological molecules (14 decks)

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