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224 Flashcards

1
Q

The volume of plasma filtered per unit time is the
renal blood flow
renal plasma flow
glomerular filtration rate
clearance

A

glomerular filtration rate

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2
Q

All of the following are normal constituent of urine EXCEPT

hydrogen ions
urea
proteins
salts

A

proteins

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3
Q

Assuming a normal cardiac output and renal blood flow, what is the glomerular filtration rate?
Seventy (70) ml/min
One-hundred and twenty (125) ml/min
Six-hundred and sixty (660) mI/min
One-thousand-two hundred (1,200) ml/min
Five and a quarter (5.25) L/min

A

125

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4
Q

Urine is conducted from the kidneys to the urinary bladder through a structure called
O renal column
O renal pelvis
O urethra
O ureter

A

ureter

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5
Q

Substances travel from the glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule by the process of
diffusion
active transport
filtration
osmosis

A

filtration

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6
Q

The outer most zone of the kidney is the
cortex
medulla
renal pyramid
major calyx

A

Cortex

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7
Q

The primary site of nutrient filtration is the
O glomerulus
O proximal tubule
O distal tubule
O collecting duct

A

glomerulus

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8
Q

Which of the following portions of the nephron is impermeable to water?
O Glomerulus
O Descending loop of Henle
O Ascending loop of Henle
O Collecting ducts

A

Ascending loop of Henle

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9
Q

All of the following processes are involved in urine formation EXCEPT
filtration
catabolism
reabsorption
secretion

A

catabolism

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10
Q

The initial step in urine formation is
O glomerular filtration
O tubular reabsorption
O tubular secretion
O concentration of urine

A

glomerular filtration

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11
Q

Secretion of aldosterone will results in ______ reabsorption and. _______ secretion.
sodium/chloride
sodium/water
sodium/potassium
sodium/calcium

A

sodium/potassium

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12
Q

The clearance of compound Y is less than the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for compound Y. Compound Y is
only filtered
filtered and reabsorbed
filtered and secreted
secreted and reabsorbed

A

filtered and reabsorbed

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13
Q

ADH has the greatest effect on water reabsorption in the
proximal tubules
loop of Henle
collecting duct
ureter

A

collecting duct

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14
Q

Which of the following statement best describes secretion?
The movement of solutes from the glomerulus into the proximal tubule
The movement of solutes from the proximal tubule into the blood
The movement of solutes from the blood into the tubule
The movement of solutes from the tubule into the ureter

A

The movement of solutes from the blood into the tubule

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15
Q

In a normal individual, all of the following nitrogenous wastes resulting from protein catabolism may be detected in the urine EXCEPT
Urea
ammonia
creatinine
amino acids

A

amino acids

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16
Q

Which portion of the nephron is impermeable to water?

The glomerulus
The proximal convoluted tubule
The ascending lop of Henle
The distal convoluted tubule
None of the above

A

The ascending lop of Henle

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17
Q

Which of the following substances is released by the Juxtaglomerular cells?

Cortisol
ADH
Aldosterone
Renin

A

Renin

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18
Q

Aldosterone will have its greatest physiological effect on the

glomerulus
proximal tubules
loop of Henle
distal tubules
collecting ducts

A

distal tubules

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19
Q

Drinking a large volume of water will

decrease urine osmolarity
stimulate of ADH secretion
stimulate of aldosterone secretion
all of the above

A

decrease urine osmolarity

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20
Q

Which of the following cells of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus is found in the distal tubule?

Macula lutea cells
Juxtaglomerular cells
Macula densa cells
Macula fovea cells

A

Macula densa cells

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21
Q

The shape of the kidney could best be described as
bean-shaped
pear-shaped
pea-shaped
potato-shaped

A

bean-shaped

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22
Q

The volume of blood flowing through the kidneys is _
that of cardiac output.
One-fifth (1/5)
One-third (1/3)
One-half (1/2)
Two-third (2/3)
Three-fourth (3/4)

A

One-fifth (1/5)

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23
Q

Which portion of the nephron is primarily involved in reabsorption?
O Glomerulus
O Proximal tubules
O loop of Henle
O Distal tubules
O Collecting tubules

A

Proximal tubules

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24
Q

Which portion of the renal corpuscle is impermeable to water?
O The glomerulus
O The proximal convoluted tubule
O The ascending loop of Henle
O The distal convoluted tubule
O None of the above

A

None of the above

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25
Q

Relating to Starling’s hypothesis, which of the following factors has the greatest effect on water reentering the capillaries?
hydrostatic pressure
oncotic pressure
electrostatic gradient
concentration gradient

A

oncotic pressure

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26
Q

A decrease in blood osmolarity results in which of the following?
Increased AH secretion
Increased permeability of the collecting ducts to water
Decreased urine output
All of the above
None of the above

A

None of the above

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27
Q

Secretion of this hormone will result in an increase in urine volume.

ANF
ADH
Aldosterone
None of the above - all result in reabsorption of water

A

ANF

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28
Q

The incidence of urinary tract infection is more comment in women than in men. Reasons for this misfortune include

the female urethra is much shorter than male
the urethra is enclosed within the labia minora
the surrounding environment is moist and damp
alL of the above

A

All of the above

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29
Q

Dilatation of the afferent arteriole will results in (assuming no changes in the efferent arteriole)
an increase in glomerular capillary pressure
an increase in net filtration pressure
an increase in glomerular filtration rate
all of the above
none of the above

A

All of the above

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30
Q

The primary function of the collecting tubules is

filtration
secretion
Reabsorption
concentration of urine

A

concentration of urine

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31
Q

The function of the urinary system is to
O Maintain homeostasis
O Excrete waste products
O Secrete hormone that stimulates production of red blood cells
O Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
O All of the above

A

All of the above

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32
Q

The urinary system organ that removes waste products from the body and helps regulate blood pressure is the
Liver
Heart
Kidneys
Lungs
Rectum

A

Kidneys

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33
Q

What is the principal function of the ureter?

Transport blood to the efferent arterioles
Transport urine from the renal pelvis into the urinary bladder
Transport glucose and protein into the renal pelvis
None of the above

A

Transport urine from the renal pelvis into the urinary bladder

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34
Q

What structure receives urine flowing down the ureters?
O Renal pelvis
© Ureter
O Urethra
© Urinary bladder

A

Urinary bladder

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35
Q

The small tube leading from the floor of the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body is the
O Renal pelvis
O Ureter
O Urethra
O Urinary bladder

A

Urethra

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36
Q

How much blood enters the renal arteries per minute?

One-hundred and eighty liters (180 L)
One-thousand two hundred milliliters (1200 mL)
Five hundred milliliters (500 mL)
Six hundred and sixty milliliters (660 mL)
One hundred and twenty-five milliliters (125 mL)

A

One-thousand two hundred milliliters (1200 mL)

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37
Q

In the kidneys, the largest volume of water reabsorption occurs in which of the following?
© Glomerular capillaries
O Collecting duct
O Proximal convoluted tubules
O Distal convoluted tubules
O Loop of Henle

A

Proximal convoluted tubules

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38
Q

There are three basic renal processes for urine formation. Which of the following is NOT one of these processes?
Excretion
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion
Glomerular filtration

A

Excretion

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39
Q

The volume of plasma filtered per unit time is the
renal blood flow
renal plasma flow
glomerular filtration rate
clearance

A

glomerular filtration rate

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40
Q

All of the following are normal constituent of urine EXCEpf
hydrogen ions
proteins
Urea
salts

A

proteins

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41
Q

Assuming a normal cardiac output and renal blood flow, what is the glomerular filtration rate?

Seventy (70) mI/min
One-hundred and twenty (125) mI/min
Six-hundred and sixty (660) ml/min
One-thousand-two hundred (1,200) ml/min
Five and a quarter (5.25) L/min

A

125

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42
Q

Urine is conducted from the kidneys to the urinary bladder through a structure called

renal column
renal pelvis
urethra
ureter

A

ureter

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43
Q

Substances travel from the glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule by the process of
diffusion
active transport
filtration
osmosis

A

filtration

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44
Q

The outer most zone of the kidney is the

cortex
medulla
renal pyramid
major calyx

A

Cortex

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45
Q

The primary site of nutrient filtration is the

glomerulus
proximal tubule
distal tubule
collecting duct

A

glomerulus

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46
Q

Which of the following portions of the nephron is impermeable to water?

Glomerulus
Descending loop of Henle
Ascending loop of Henle
Collecting ducts

A

Ascending loop of Henle

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47
Q

All of the following processes are involved in urine formation EXCEPT

filtration
catabolism
reabsorption
secretion

A

catabolism

48
Q

The initial step in urine formation is
glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion
concentration of urine

A

glomerular filtration

49
Q

Secretion of aldosterone will results in _______ reabsorption and ________ secretion.

sodium/chloride
sodium/water
sodium/potassium
sodium/calcium

A

sodium/potassium

50
Q

The clearance of compound Y is less than the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for compound Y. Compound Y is
only filtered
filtered and reabsorbed
filtered and secreted
secreted and reabsorbed

A

filtered and reabsorbed

51
Q

ADH has the greatest effect on water reabsorption in the
proximal tubules
loop of Henle
collecting duct
ureter

A

collecting duct

52
Q

Which of the following statement best describes secretion?
The movement of solutes from the glomerulus into the proximal tubule
The movement of solutes from the proximal tubule into the blood
The movement of solutes from the blood into the tubule
The movement of solutes from the tubule into the ureter

A

The movement of solutes from the blood into the tubule

53
Q

In a normal individual, all of the following nitrogenous wastes resulting from protein catabolism may be detected in the urine EXCEPT

urea
ammonia
creatinine
amino acids

A

Amino acids

54
Q

Which portion of the nephron is impermeable to water?
BUCKS
TARDS
Correct!
correct.
P
Help Center ?
Question 15
The glomerulus
The proximal convoluted tubule
The ascending loop of Henle
The distal convoluted tubule
None of the above

A

The ascending loop of Henle

55
Q

Which of the following substances is released by the Juxtaglomerular cells?
Cortisol
ADH
Aldosterone
Renin

A

Renin

56
Q

Aldosterone will have its greatest physiological effect on the

glomerulus
proximal tubules
loop of Henle
distal tubules
collecting ducts

A

distal tubules

57
Q

Drinking a large volume of water will
decrease urine osmolarity
stimulate of ADH secretion
stimulate of aldosterone secretion
all of the above

A

decrease urine osmolarity

58
Q

Which of the following cells of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus is found in the distal tubule?

Macula lutea cells
Juxtaglomerular cells
Macula densa cels
Macula fovea cells

A

Macula densa cels

59
Q

The shape of the kidney could best be described as
bean-shaped
pear-shaped
pea-shaped
potato-shaped

A

bean-shaped

60
Q

The volume of blood flowing through the kidneys is ____ that of cardiac output.

One-fifth (1/5)
One-third (1/3)
One-half (1/2)
Two-third (2/3)
Three-fourth (3/4)

A

1/5

61
Q

Which portion of the nephron is primarily involved in reabsorption?
Glomerulus
Proximal tubules
loop of Henle
Distal tubules
Collecting tubules

A

Proximal tubules

62
Q

Which portion of the renal corpuscle is impermeable to water?
The glomerulus
The proximal convoluted tubule
The ascending loop of Henle
The distal convoluted tubule
None of the above

A

The ascending loop of Henle

63
Q

Relating to Starling’s hypothesis, which of the following factors has the greatest effect on water reentering the capillaries?
hydrostatic pressure
oncotic pressure
electrostatic gradient
concentration gradient

A

oncotic pressure

64
Q

A decrease in blood osmolarity results in which of the following?
Increased ADH secretion
Increased permeability of the collecting ducts to water
Decreased urine output
AIl of the above
None of the above

A

None of the above

65
Q

Secretion of this hormone will result in an increase in urine volume.

ANF
ADH
Aldosterone
None of the above - all result in reabsorption of water

A

ANF

66
Q

The incidence of urinary tract infection is more comment in women than in men. Reasons for this misfortune include
the female urethra is much shorter than male
the urethra is enclosed within the labia minora
the surroundine environment is moist and damp
All of the above

A

All of the above

67
Q

Dilatation of the afferent arteriole will results in (assuming no changes in the efferent arteriole)
an increase in glomerular capillary pressure
an increase in net filtration pressure
an increase in glomerular filtration rate
all of the above
none of the above

A

all of the above

68
Q

The primary function of the collecting tubules is

filtration
secretion
reabsorption
concentration or urine

A

concentration or urine

69
Q

The shape of the kidney could best be described as

bean-shaped
pear-shaped
pea-shaped.
potato-shaped

A

bean-shaped

70
Q

The volume of plasma filtered per unit time is the

renal blood flow
renal plasma flow
glomerular filtration rate
clearance

A

glomerular filtration rate

71
Q

Assuming a normal cardiac output and renal blood flow, what is the glomerular filtration rate?

Seventy ml/min (70 ml/min)
One hundred and twenty-five ml/min (125 ml/min)
Six hundred and sixty ml/min (660 ml/min)
One point two liters/min (1.200 ml/min)
Five point two-five liters/min (5.25 L/min)

A

125

72
Q

All of the following are normal constituent of urine EXCEPT
hydrogen ions
urea
proteins
salts

A

proteins

73
Q

The outer most zone of the kidney is the

cortex
medulla
renal pyramid
major calyx

A

cortex

74
Q

The clearance of compound Y is less than the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for compound Y. Compound Y is

only filtered
Filtered and reabsorbed
filtered and secreted
secreted and reabsorbed

A

Filtered and reabsorbed

75
Q

Which of the following portions of the nephron is impermeable to water?
Glomerulus
Descending loop of Henle
Ascending loop of Henle
Collecting ducts

A

Ascending loop of Henle

76
Q

All of the following processes are involved in urine formation EXCEPT

filtration
catabolism
reabsorption
secretion

A

catabolism

77
Q

The initial step in urine formation is
glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion
concentration of urine

A

glomerular filtration

78
Q

Secretion of aldosterone will results in ______ reabsorption and _____ secretion.
sodium/chloride
sodium/water
sodium/potassium
sodium/calcium

A

sodium/potassium

79
Q

The primary site of nutrient filtration is the
glomerulus
proximal tubule
distal tubule
collecting duct

A

glomerulus

80
Q

The volume of blood flowing through the kidneys is ______ that of cardiac output.

One-fifth (1/5)
One-third(1/3)
One-half(1/2)
Two-third (2/3)
Three-fourth (3/4)

A

1/5

81
Q

Which portion of the nephron is primarily involved in reabsorption?
Glomerulus
Proximal tubules
loop of Henle
Distal tubules
Collecting tubules

A

Proximal tubules

82
Q

The clearance of compound X is greater than the GF for compound X. Compound X is
only filtered
filtered and reabsorbed
filtered and secreted
secreted and reabsorbed

A

filtered and secreted

83
Q

ADH has the greatest effect on water reabsorption in the
proximal tubules
loop of Henle
collecting duct
ureter

A

collecting duct

84
Q

Which of the following statement best describes secretion?
The movement of solutes from the glomerulus into the proximal tubule
The movement of solutes from the proximal tubule into the blood
The movement of solutes from the blood into the tubule
The movement of solutes from the tubule into the ureter

A

The movement of solutes from the blood into the tubule

85
Q

All of the following statements are correct for the proximal tubules EXCEPT
It is highly convoluted
It is nearest to Bowman’s capsule
It contains microvilli
It is furthest from the renal corpuscle

A

It is furthest from the renal corpuscle

86
Q

In a normal individual, all of the following nitrogenous wastes resulting from protein catabolism may be detected in the urine EXCEPT
urca
ammonia
creatinine
amino acids

A

amino acids

87
Q

All of the following statements are correct for the proximal tubules EXCEPT
It is highly convoluted
It is nearest to Bowman’s capsule
It contains microvilli
It is furthest from the renal corpuscle

A

It is furthest from the renal corpuscle

88
Q

In a normal individual, all of the following nitrogenous wastes resulting from protein catabolism may be detected in the urine EXCEPT
urca
ammonia
creatinine
amino acids

A

amino acids

89
Q

Secretion of this hormone will result in an increase in urine volume

ANF
ADH
Aldosterone
None of the above - all result in reabsorption of water

A

ANF

90
Q

Which portion of the renal corpuscle is impermeable to water?
The glomerulus
The proximal convoluted tubule
The ascending loop of Henle
The distal convoluted tubule
None of the above

A

None of the above

91
Q

Which of the following substances is released by the Juxtaglomerular cells?
Cortisol
ADH
Aldosterone
Renin

A

Renin

92
Q

Relating to Starling’s hypothesis, which of the following factors has the greatest effect on water reentering the capillaries?
hydrostatic pressure
oncotic pressure
clectrostatic gradient
concentration gradient

A

oncotic pressure

93
Q

Aldosterone will have its greatest physiological effect on the
glomerulus
proximal tubules
loop of Henle
distal tubules
collecting ducts

A

distal tubules

94
Q

Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin I in the
kidneys
liver
lungs
intestine

A

lungs

95
Q

Drinking a large volume of water will
decrease urine osmolarity
stimulate of ADH secretion
stimulate of aldosterone secretion
all of the above

A

decrease urine osmolarity

96
Q

Aldosterone regulates ____ while ADH regulates ____

Potassium/ sodium
Sodium/water
Water/phosphate
Phosphate/calcium

A

Sodium/water

97
Q

Hormones affecting the glomerular filtration rate include
renin
aldosterone
epinephrine
all of the above
none of the above

A

all of the above

98
Q

A decrease in blood osmolarity results in which of the following?
Increased ADH secretion
Increased permeability of the collecting ducts to water
Decreased urine output
All of the above
None of the above

A

None of the above

99
Q

Which of the following cells of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus is found in the distal tubule?
Macula lutea cells
Juxtaglomerular cells
Macula densa cells
-Macula fovca cells

A

Macula densa cells

100
Q

The incidence of urinary tract infection is more comment in women than in men. Reasons for this misfortune include
the female urethra is much shorter than male
the urethra is enclosed within the labia minora
the surrounding environment is moist and damp
all of the above

A

all of the above

101
Q

Dilatation of the afferent arteriole will results in (assuming no changes in the efferent arteriole)
an increase in glomerular capillary pressure
an increase in net filtration pressure
an increase in glomerular filtration rate
all of the above
none of the above

A

All of the above

102
Q

A decrease in plasma sodium concentration will cause a decrease in

albumin reabsorption
creatinine reabsorption
inulin reabsorption
water reabsorption

A

water reabsorption

103
Q

Aldosterone secretion will results in all of the following EXCEPT

increase sodium excretion
increase water retention
increase blood pressure
increase potassium excretion

A

increase sodium excretion

104
Q

The function of transitional epithelium is
protection

reabsorption
secretion
distention
diffusion

A

distention

105
Q

The primary function of the collecting tubules is
filtration
secretion
reabsorption
concentration of urine

A

concentration of urine

106
Q

The functional unit of the kidney is the
glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
tubules
nephron

A

nephron

107
Q

Which portion of the nephron would you expect to see a high concentration of mitochondria?
The glomerulus
The proximal tubule
The loop of Henle
The distal tubule
The collecting duct

A

The proximal tubule

108
Q

The ureter serves to
transport blood from the efferent arterioles
transport urine from the renal pelvis into the urinary bladder
transport glucose and protein into the renal pelvis
all of the above
none of the above

A

transport urine from the renal pelvis into the urinary bladder

109
Q

The organ involved in waste removal from the body and helps regulate blood pressure and volume is the

liver
heart.
kidneys
lungs

A

kidneys

110
Q

The kidneys lie on the dorsal wall of the _____ cavity.
cranial
abdominal
thoracic
lateral

A

abdominal

111
Q

A 48 year-old male presents to your clinic complaining of: “I am gaining weight very fast and I am not eating at all and another thing, my urine, I am not ‘peeing’ as much as before.” Past medical history is
significant for hypertension and diabetes type I. Physical exam was significant for elevated blood pressure. Laboratory work-up confirms your diagnosis. The patient was given a diagnosis of chronic renal
failure secondary to poorly controlled hypertension and diabetes. His anti-hypertensive and diabetic medications were altered to ensure compliance and efficacy. The first step in urine formation occurs
in/at the

vasa recta
glomerulus
proximal convoluted tubule
distal tubules

A

glomerulus

112
Q

The largest (greatest) volume of water reabsorption occurs in the
glomerular capillaries
collecting duct
proximal convoluted tubules
distal tubules

A

proximal convoluted tubules

113
Q

The largest (greatest) volume of glucose reabsorption occurs in the
glomerular capillaries
collecting duct
proximal convoluted tubules
distal tubules

A

proximal convoluted tubules

114
Q

Angiotensinogen is produced by the
kidneys
liver
lungs
adrenal cortex

A

liver

115
Q

Renal threshold equals
urine output
cardiac output
GFR
plasma concentration at which reabsorption is saturated and the molecule appears in urine

A

plasma concentration at which reabsorption is saturated and the molecule appears in urine

116
Q

Angiotensin I causes
an increased in ADH secretion
increased thirst
increased peripheral resistance
an increased in aldosterone secretion
all of the above

A

All of the above

117
Q

The major calyces unite to form the
renal hilum (hilus)
renal pelvis
ureter
renal pyramid

A

renal pelvis

Finals (3 decks)

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