22.2 Oral Cavity

Question 1

Topic: The Tongue [S1 of 3]

The epithelium of the tongue is arranged into small projections called _______;

What are the four kinds?

Answer 1

Epithelium of tongue is arranged into small projections called papillae;

The four kinds:

1. filiform
2. fungiform
3. circumvallate
4. foliate papillae

Question 2

Topic: The Tongue (S2 of 3)

Which type of papillae plays no role in taste?

Describe characteristics and function.

Answer 2

Filiform papillae play no role in taste

Covered with stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

Make surface of tongue rough

Assists in mechanical digestion

Question 3

Three main types of salivary glands differ in proportion of mucous and serous cells they contain:

Match:

1. ________ have only serous cells; secrete mainly water and enzymes
2. ________ have mostly serous cells and small number of mucous cells; secrete enzymes mixed with some mucus
3. ________ contain mostly mucous cells; secrete mainly mucus with small amount of enzymes

Answer 3

Parotid glands have only serous cells; secrete mainly water and enzymes

Submandibular glands have mostly serous cells and small number of mucous cells; secrete enzymes mixed with some mucus

Sublingual glands contain mostly mucous cells; secrete mainly mucus with small amount of enzymes

Question 4

Basic secretory cell of salivary glands is ____ cell; two main types in salivary glands: _____ cells and ____ cells

Answer 4

Basic secretory cell of salivary glands is acinar cell; two main types in salivary glands:

• serous cells - secrete water-based fluid with enzymes ad other solutes; involved in digestive processes; releaed jsut before or during eating
• mucous cells - secrete mucus continually

Question 5

Saliva consits of:

• primarily water
• electrolytes (e.g., sodium, chloride, and potassium ions)
• variable amounts of mucus
• depending on type of salivary gland; also contains:
  
  • Salivary amylase – first digestive enzyme that ingested food encounters; catalyzes beginning of carbohydrate digestion, breaking down large polysaccharides into smaller polysaccharides
  • Lysozyme – catalyzes perforation of bacterial plasma membranes; allows bacteria-killing substances in saliva to enter and kill bacteria
  • Secretory IgA – antibody immunoglobulin A (IgA) is found in body’s secretions, including saliva; IgA binds specific antigens on pathogens and mediates their destruction
  • Bicarbonate ions – function to neutralize any acid from stomach that regurgitates into esophagus

Answer 5

Saliva performs several functions in oral cavity:

Moistening, lubricating, and cleansing oral mucosa

Lysozyme and IgA deter growth of pathogenic bacteria in oral cavity

Mechanical digestion, achieved by moistening and helping to mix ingested food into bolus so it can be swallowed

Chemical digestion, achieved by actions of salivary amylase

Many food molecules dissolve in water of saliva, and these molecules then stimulate taste receptors on tongue

Question 6

The three classes of teeth:

Answer 6

incisors, canines, and molars.

Question 7

There are ____ primary (deciduous) teeth and ____ secondary (permanent) teeth.

Answer 7

There are 20 primary (deciduous) teeth and 32 secondary (permanent) teeth.

Question 8

Tooth Anatomy: A tooth consists of a _____(the portion above the gum line) and the ______(the portion embedded in the alveolus)

Answer 8

Tooth Anatomy: A tooth consists of a crown (the portion above the gum line) and the root (the portion embedded in the alveolus)

Question 9

Salivation is controlled by: a _____________________ reflex arc mediated by the _______and _______________nerves.

Answer 9

Salivation is controlled by: a parasympathetic nervous system reflex arc mediated by the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves.

Question 10

Food passes from:

Answer 10

Food passes from: the oral cavity → pharynx → into the esophagus, where waves of peristalsis massage it to the stomach.

Question 11

What creates the mesentery?

visceral peritoneum

greater omentum

parietal peritoneum

muscularis externa

Answer 11

What creates the mesentery?

visceral peritoneum

greater omentum

parietal peritoneum

muscularis externa

Question 12

The crown of a tooth is covered by:

enamel.

dentin.

pulp.

cementum.

Answer 12

The crown of a tooth is covered by:

enamel.

dentin.

pulp.

cementum.

Question 13

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the:

stomach.

esophagus.

mouth.

small intestine.

Answer 13

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the:

stomach.

esophagus.

mouth.

small intestine.

Question 14

What separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity?

periodontal ligament

hard palate and soft palate

extrinsic and intrinsic muscles

hard palate

soft palate

Answer 14

What separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity?

periodontal ligament

hard palate and soft palate

extrinsic and intrinsic muscles

hard palate

soft palate

Question 15

What is the main job of the pharynx?

secretion

absorption

mechanical digestion

propulsion

Answer 15

What is the main job of the pharynx?

secretion

absorption

mechanical digestion

propulsion

Question 16

__________ (swallowing): is a type of propulsion partly under conscious control and partly mediated by the ________ reflex.

Answer 16

Deglutition (swallowing): is a type of propulsion partly under conscious control and partly mediated by the swallowing reflex.