22.1 Overview Flashcards
Alimentary canal – continuous tube through which food passes directly; consists of:
- oral cavity (mouth)
- pharynx
- esophagus
- stomach
- small intestine
- large intestine
Accessory organs – not part of alimentary canal but assist in digestion in some way; located around alimentary canal include:
- teeth
- tongue
- salivary glands
- liver
- gallbladder
- pancreas
What are the six basic digestive processes?
What are the six basic digestive processes?
- ingestion
- secretion
- propulsion
- digestion
- absorption
- defecation.
The abdominal digestive organs are supplied and drained by the _________
splanchnic circulation.
Drainage and Veins related to digestive organs in general order
digestive organs set of veins → hepatic portal vein → liver → hepatic veins → inferior vena cava
Arterial supply of digestive organs consists of branches from _______ that includes:
celiac trunk
superior mesenteric artery
inferior mesenteric artery
and branches from each of these arteries
The motility of the alimentary canal is controlled by what?
- the enteric nervous system (ENS), the parasympathetic nervous system, and hormones.
Nerves of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions that serve digestive organs are located in three main clusters:
celiac plexus
superior mesenteric plexus
inferior mesenteric plexus
Organs of alimentary canal receive innervation from nerve plexuses of ENS:
Organs of alimentary canal receive innervation from nerve plexuses of ENS: submucosal and myenteric plexuses
The organs of the alimentary canal have how many tissue layers? What are they?
Most regions of alimentary canal contain four layers:
- the mucosa, - Inner epithelium
- submucosa, - Layer of connective tissue
- muscularis externa, - Layer of smooth muscle
- serosa or adventitia
Outer connective tissue layser is called
______ in organs within peritoneal cavity
or
______ in organs outside cavity
Outer connective tissue layer is serosa in organs within peritoneal cavity or adventitia in organs outside cavity
Bonus:
Serosa (visceral peritoneum) – composed of simple squamous epithelial tissue and loose connective tissue
Adventitia – composed of dense irregular connective tissue
Both structures support digestive organs and anchor them to surrounding structures
Organs located entirely within peritoneal cavity are___________;
other organs are are___________ (partly or completely outside peritoneal cavity)
Organs located entirely within peritoneal cavity are intraperitoneal;
other organs are retroperitoneal (partly or completely outside peritoneal cavity)
_____________ folds over on itself around certain organs, particularly small intestine, to form mesenteries;
Visceral peritoneum folds over on itself around certain organs, particularly small intestine, to form mesenteries;
Peritoneal membranes – largest serous membrane in body; consists of two layers (Figure 22.2):
________ ________ peritoneum lines inner surface of body wall
Where ________ peritoneum meets abdominal organs, it folds in on itself to become inner ________ peritoneum (________ ); forms outer tissue layer of such organs
Peritoneal membranes – largest serous membrane in body; consists of two layers (Figure 22.2):
Outer parietal peritoneum lines inner surface of body wall
Where parietal peritoneum meets abdominal organs, it folds in on itself to become inner visceral peritoneum (serosa); forms outer tissue layer of such organs
Two mesenteries are especially prominent:
Two mesenteries are especially prominent:
Greater omentum
- unique among mesenteries in that it consists of four layers of folded visceral peritoneum;
- extends from base of stomach down into pelvis
Lesser omentum
- smaller mesentery that extends from medial surface of stomach to liver
Also see mesocolon
