220-urine elimination Flashcards
action of urination
involuntary control
voluntary control
normal output is 30 mL/hour
urinate every 3-4 hours
what control the involuntary control of bladder?
stech receptors (urge to urinate)
detrusor muscle contracts and sphincter relaxes
voluntary control of bladder includes?
initiating
stopping
interrupting
factors that effect urination
age
food and fluid intake
Activity and muscle tone
pathology
medications
how does age effect urination?
Decreased ability to concentrate urine (urinate more)
decreased bladder tone (risk for urinary retention, UTI and renal disease)
decreased bladder contractility (urinate more often)
how does pathology effect urination?
UTI
chronic kidney disease
acute kidney disease
assessment of bladder
assess the bladder (palpate)
fluid intake (I & O’s)
voiding history
post void residuals (bladder scanning) ((if anything is left why))
urine characteristics (volume over 24 hours, color/clarity/ordor
obtaining specimens
what kind of urine test can we do?
urinalysis
urine for culture and sensitivity
clean catch mid stream
timed urine collections
Urinalysis
using the dip stick to check urine
clean catch mid stream
not sterile used for general information WBC, RBC, sugars
Culture and sensitivity
What kind or pathogen and what antibiotic can we use
timed urine collection
24 hour period
If patient voids and does not track you have to restart
BUN labs
urine function
Creatinine labs
kidney function
promoting normal urination in hospital
normal schedule (urge, privacy, position, hygiene)
good fluid intake and balance
maintain muscle tone with keels
assist with toileting
types of incontinence
stress (laughing or sneezing
overflow(bladder keeps filling)
functional (obstacles like buttons and zippers)
treatment for incontinence
Discourage use of alcohol
Use collective devices
Prevent constipation
Strengthen Pelvic floor muscles
Weight loss
Adult Briefs
urine incontinence is not
a normal part of aging
urine incontinence can be caused by
bowel impaction
Ileal conduit
bypass the bladder, connected to the ileal and stoma exposed
ureterostomy
by pass ileal conduit and stoma exposed
neo bladder
bladder cancer
piece of small intestine and create a neobladder that is connected to urters.
leading cause of healthcare expenditures
UTI’s
Characteristics of UTI
confusion, frequency, cloudy with foul oder
treatment for UTI
Urine Analysis and/or Urine Culture
signs of UTI
increased temperature
increased WBC
increased LOC in the elderly
UTI risk factors
female (shorter uritha)
older adults (retention)
after menopause
indwelling catheters
diabetics (extra sugar lets bacteria grow)
