220-asepsis Flashcards
infection
disease that results from a pathogen in or on the body
HAI
Hospital associated infection that developed during the stay
Top offenders for HAI
UTI
surgical site infection
bloodstream infection
Nosocomial infection
Mistake made during procedure that leads to another procedure which can lead to HAI
Bloodborne pathogens
Pathogens that live in the blood and are transmitted though blood.
Medicare and medicaid no pay list (action to reduce HAI)
Catheter associated urinary tract infection
vascular catheter infection
surgical site infection
risk factors for nosocomial infections
use of invade medical Devices
antibiotic resistance organisms develop in hospital
poor compliance with hang washing & standard, precaution and transmission precautions
Infectious agents can be
bacterial- most significant in hospital
virus- smallest of all microorganisms
fungi- plant like organisms present in air soil and water
chain of infection
micro organisms
Revisor/source
port of exit
mode of transmission
port of entry
Susceptible host
how to break the chain of infection
hand hygiene, gloves and precautions
factors that affect susceptibility
white blood cells-being low
patients with splenectomy
age, neonates and older more susceptible
immunization, natural or acquired
fatigue-have a decreased immune response
Nutritional staus-poor nutrition, poor immunity
drug therapy-steriods and chemotherapy suppress immune system
stress- mores tree, poor immune system
use of invasive or indwelling medical Devices- makes port of entry easy for pathogens
body’s first line of defense
intact skin and mucous membranes
incubation period
Organisms growing and multiplying
prodromal stage
person is most infectious w/vauge and nonspecific signs
full stage illness
presence of specific signs and symptoms
Convalescent period
recovery from infection
local infection
Swelling
heat at site
redness
pain
systemic infection
elevated temperature (not in elders, you will see confusion and mental state deteriorate)
increased pulse and respiration
enlarge lymph nodes
lethargy
anorexia
elevated WBC
more then 10,000
Neutrophils
immature bands happen with acute infections
lymphocytes
happen with chronic bacterial (TB) and viral infections
Eosinophils
happen in parasitic and fungus infections and allergic reactions
C-reactive protein
is nonspecific and indicates inflammation
culture is created to determine the presence and how to treat
MDRO
multi drug resistant organisms
CAUTI
catheter associated UTI
VAP
ventilator associated pneumonia
CLABSI
central line associated bloodstream infection
What are common blood borne pathogens
hep b
hep c
HIV
how are blood borne pathogens transmitted
needle stick
cuts from contaminated sharps
mucous membranes transmissions
perinatal transmission
aerosol transmission
standard precautions used to prevent blood borne pathogens
treat all blood and bodily fluids as if they are infected
treat potential contaminated materials as if they are infectious
have an essential role in preventing transmission
what are standard precautions
wash hands
wear gloves
wear mask
wear gown
dispose of sharps
safe work practice (not recapping needles, respiratory hygiene)
engineering controls (needless IV, safety lancets)
when to wash hands
wash in and out of rooms
before direct contact
after direct contact
after contact with bodily fluid
before putting on gloves
after removing gloves
before procedure
after touching patient surroundings
use soap and water if hands are visible soiled, and after c. diff exposure
Donning
putting PPE on
Doffing
taking PPE off
watch the videos of PPE on and off
watch the videos of PPE on and off
glove guidelines
wash hands before and after gloves
take dirty gloves off inside patient room
change gloves between tasks on same patient
do not do any charting with gloves
n95
protect you from small particles in the air that may cause virus and pathogens. filters inhaled air and each person is fitted for a mask
PPE masks
protect you from spreading large droplets from the nose or mouth.
protects from splashes
filters exhaled air
PAPR
powered air purifier respirators
What to do if exposed
Immediately clean the area
eyes, cuts, scrapes, punctures, mouth
after cleaning report exposure to faculty.
transmission precautions
used in addition to standard precautions
contact
gown
gloves
c DIFF, MRSA
droplet
mask- regular
gloves
Influenza, pertussis
airborne
gown
mask-N95 respirator
gloves
covid, TB, measles, chickenpox
airborne disease requires
negative pressure room
medical aseptic
clean technique
hand washing
PPE(non sterile)
surgical asepsis
operating room, labor and delivery areas
interventional radiology
cardiac catherization
anytime you are penetrating skin, blood draws, injections, IV’s
sterile dressings, central line dressings, urinary catheter insertion
principles. of surgical asepsis
Allow only a sterile object to touch another sterile object
Avoid talking, coughing, reaching over a sterile field
Do not turn your back on a sterile field
Consider any object contaminated if you have any doubt
Date and time solutions to expire in 24 hours
Pour fluids with the label in the palm of your hand
Without sterile gloves handle outer 1 inch of sterile drapes
