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IB HL BIO > 2.2 Water > Flashcards

2.2 Water Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How many protons does H2O have?

A
  • 2 Hydrogen atoms (1 proton each)
  • 1 oxygen attoms (8 protons)
    10 protons total
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2
Q

Covalen bonded molecules that have a slightly potential charge are….

A

polar

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3
Q

Polar

A

A charged molecule

attracts other polor or charged compounds

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4
Q

Water molecules connect via weak …… bonds

A

hydrogen bonds

• consistantly break and reform (transitory)

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5
Q

Cohesian

A

the action of forming a united whole

- result of polarity of water molecules (and its ability to form hydrogen bonds)

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6
Q

Hydrogens bonds strong or weak?

A
  • Each bond itself is weak

- Each molecule binds to 4 others which makes them stronger (cohesive forces)

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7
Q

How do water droplets form

A

Because of cohesive forces that are trying to pull the water into the smallest possible volume (a sphere)

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8
Q

Surface Tension

A

caused by the resistance of cohesive hydrogen bonding when an object tries to penetrate the surface

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9
Q

Adhesian

A
  • The result of polarity of water and its ability to form hyrdrogen bonds
  • Water molecules stick to other molecules that are charged or polar
  • conjoined bonds give adhesive forces strength
  • bond water molecules to a surface and defy gravity
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10
Q

Capillary action

A
  • combo of adhesive forces causing water to bond to a surface and cohesive bonding molecules together
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11
Q

Solvent

A
  • A liquid in which substances are dissolved forming a solution
  • Water can dissolve many organic + inorganic substances that have charged or polar regions
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12
Q

Salt water solvent example

A
  • positive Na are surrounded by the negative oxygen region of water molecules
  • negative Cl are surrounded by the positive hydrogen regions of water molecule
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13
Q

Specific heat capacity of water

A
  1. 2 joules

- raise one gram of H20 by 1C

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14
Q

Heat of vaporization

A

energy needed to turn a liquid into a gas

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15
Q

Heat of fusion

A

energy needed to turn a liquid into a solid

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16
Q

Why does water has a high heat of vaporization and fusion?

A
  • Water has many hydrogen bonds, that require energy to form or break
  • and that need to be formed/broken to change the state of water
17
Q

What happens to porteins in high temperatures

A

They denature which damages tussye and causes enzymes to stop working

18
Q

What happens when water evaporates?

A

A lot of energy gets removed from the system

19
Q

What happens when hydrogen bonds break?

A

Energy is release, which causing a cooling down effect

20
Q

Hydrophilic

A
  • Substances that are chemically attracted to water
  • Can dissolve in water
  • Polar molecules
    ex: glucose
21
Q

Hydrophobic

A
  • Substances that are insoluble in water
  • Non-polar molecules
    ex: lipids, 95% of blood is plasma is water
22
Q

Guess this molecule:

  • Polar -> soluble
  • Hydrophilic (carried by blood plasma)
A

Glucose

23
Q

Guess this molecule:

  • positive and negative charges (amine and carboxyl/acid groups)
  • R group determines the degree of solubility
  • carried by the blood plasma
A

Amino Acids

24
Q

Guess this molecule:
- non-polar -> hydrophobic
- BUT due to its small size, it is soluble in water but only at high temperatures
• hemoglobin in blood cells carries most of this (very little is carried by plasma)

A

Oxygen

25
Q

Guess this molecule:

  • Large
  • Non-polar
  • insoluble in water
  • carried by lipoprotein complexes in blood
A

Fats

26
Q

Guess this molecule:

  • hydrophobic (except small hydrophilic region at the end)
  • carried by lipoprotein complexes in blood
A

Cholesterol

27
Q

What is this?

  • the outer layer consists of phospholipid molecules
  • hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails face inwards and are in contact with fats
  • cholesterol molecules are positioned in the center
  • A hydrophilic region facing outwards
A

Lipoprotein Complex

28
Q

Sodium Chloride

A

•Salt

  • Ionic
  • soluble in water
  • carried in blood plasma

IB HL BIO (3 decks)

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