2.1 Molecules to Metabolism

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life

Question 2

Molecules in living things are:

Answer 2

• carbohydrates (glucose)
• lipids (fatty acids)
• proteins(insulin, made from amino acids
• nucleic acid (DNA)

Question 3

Monomers

Answer 3

Ring shaped molecules

Question 4

Monossaccharides

Answer 4

simplest carb

Question 5

Lipids

Answer 5

• Organic molecules
• insoluble in water
• soluble in non-polar organic solvents

Question 6

Triglycerides

Answer 6

Common lipids
• 1 glycerol
• 3 fatty acid chains

Question 7

Proteins

Answer 7

• contain: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and NITROGEN
• made of amino acids
• arranged into 1+ linear chains

- found in:
• hormones (insulin)
• enzymes (catalase)
•immunoglobin (anitbodies)
• gas transport (haemoglobin)

Question 8

Nucleic Acids

Answer 8

• contain: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
• RNA and DNA

Question 9

Nucleotide

Answer 9

basic structural unit and building block for DNA

Question 10

Monosaccharides

Answer 10

• simplest carb

* have ring structures

Question 11

Fatty Acids

Answer 11

• Building blocks of lipids

* carboxylic group

Question 12

Amino Acids

Answer 12

• building blocks of proteins

- amine group, acid group(carboxyl group), simple H group, and R

Question 13

Anabolism

Answer 13

reactions that build up complex molecules from simpler molecules

Question 14

Catabolism

Answer 14

breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules

Question 15

Metabolism

Answer 15

consists of pathways in which one type of molecules is transformed into another

Question 16

Condensation

Answer 16

makes bonds
- water is released
• example of condensation

Question 17

Hydrolysis

Answer 17

breaks bonds
- splits water
• example of catabolism

Question 18

Polypeptide

Answer 18

A linear chain of amino acids forming a protein molecule

1-4

Question 19

Glycosidic bond

Answer 19

joins a carb molecule to another molecule

Question 20

Peptides

Answer 20

short chains of amino acid monomers linked by peptide bonds

Question 21

Dipeptide

Answer 21

a peptide composed of 2 amino acid monomers

Question 22

Urea

Answer 22

• living organism waste product (nitrogenous)
• (humans) produced in the liver -> filtered out by kidneys
• Wöhler accidentally synthesized in 1828 (attempted to prepare ammonium cynate, but mixed cyanic acid and ammonium
• produced when there is an excess amount of amino acids in the body
• used as a nitrogen fertilizer on crops

Question 23

Vitalism

Answer 23

all the functions of a living organism are due to an unknown vital principle distinct from all chemical and physical forces