2.2 Water

Question 1

Hydrophilic

Answer 1

describes ions or polar molecules that interact well with other polar molecules such as water

Question 2

Hydrophobic

Answer 2

describes uncharged non-polar molecules that do not interact well with polar molecules such as water

Question 3

Specific Heat Capacity

Answer 3

the amount of heat one gram of a substance must absorb or lose to change its temperature by one degree Celsius

Question 4

Calorie

Answer 4

amount of heat required to change the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius

Question 5

Heat of Vaporization of Water

Answer 5

high amount of energy required for liquid water to turn into water vapor

Question 6

Evaporation

Answer 6

separation of individual molecules from the surface of a body of water, leaves of a plant, or the skin of an organism

Question 7

Solvent

Answer 7

substance capable of dissolving another substance

Question 8

Sphere of Hydration

Answer 8

when polar water molecules surround charged or polar molecules thus keeping them dissolved and in solution

Question 9

Dissociation

Answer 9

release of an ion from a molecule such that the original molecule now consists of an ion and the charged remains of the original, such as when water dissociates into H+ and OH-

Question 10

Cohesion

Answer 10

intermolecular forces between water molecules caused by the polar nature of water; responsible for surface tension

Question 11

Surface Tension

Answer 11

tension at the surface of a body of liquid that prevents the molecules from separating; created by the attractive cohesive forces between the molecules of the liquid

Question 12

Adhesion

Answer 12

attraction between water molecules and other molecules

Question 13

Capillary Action

Answer 13

occurs because water molecules are attracted to charges on the inner surfaces of narrow tubular structures such as glass tubes, drawing the water molecules to the sides of the tubes

Question 14

Litmus Paper

Answer 14

filter paper that has been treated with a natural water-soluble dye that changes its color as the pH of the environment changes so it can be used as a pH indicator

Question 15

Acid

Answer 15

molecule that donates hydrogen ions and increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

Question 16

Base

Answer 16

molecule that donates hydroxide ions or otherwise binds excess hydrogen ions and decreases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

Question 17

pH Scale

Answer 17

scale ranging from zero to 14 that is inversely proportional to the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

Question 18

Buffer

Answer 18

substance that resists a change in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen or hydroxide ions