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2nd Year - Neuroanatomy > 2.2 The Transverse Sections of the Brain > Flashcards

2.2 The Transverse Sections of the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

On a Transverse Section showing the area of the Diencephalon, what Fissure can be seen at the Superior-most part of the Transverse Section of the Brain?

A

The Median Longitudinal Fissure

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2
Q

On a Transverse Section showing the area of the Diencephalon, which parts of the Lateral Ventricles can be seen?

A
  1. The Anterior Horn

2. The Posterior Horn

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3
Q

On a Transverse Section showing the area of the Diencephalon, what other part of the Ventricular System can be seen?

A

The 3rd Ventricle (III Ventricle)

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4
Q

On a Transverse Section showing the area of the Diencephalon, what parts of the Diencephalon can be viewed in both Hemispheres?

A
  1. The Caudate Nucleus
  2. The Thalamus
  3. The Internal Capsule
  4. The Lentiform Nucleus
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5
Q

What forms the Lentiform Nucleus?

A

Superficially - The Putamen

Deeply - The Globus Pallidus

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6
Q

Which 2 structures of the Diencephalon form the Basal Ganglia Nuclei?

A
  1. The Caudate Nucleus

2. The Lentiform Nucleus

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7
Q

What is the function of the Basal Ganglia?

A
  1. Motor Control (Primarily)
  2. Motor Learning
  3. Executive Functions (Mental Skills which help you get things done)
  4. Behaviors/Emotions
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8
Q

What is the Internal Capsule made up of?

A

Myelinated Axons (White Matter)

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9
Q

What are the 3 parts of the Internal Capsule?

A
  1. The Anterior Limb
  2. The Genu
  3. The Posterior Limb
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10
Q

What is the name given to fibers which connect the Cerebral Hemispheres to different parts of the Brain?

A

Projection Fibers

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11
Q

Which structure of the Diencephalon is Anterior-most?

A

The Caudate Nucleus

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12
Q

Which structure of the Diencephalon is Lateral-most?

A

The Lentiform Nucleus

Putamen of the Lentiform Nucleus

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13
Q

Which structure of the Deincephalon is Posterior-most?

A

The Thalamus

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14
Q

Which structure separates the Nuclei of the Diencephalon and the Thalamus?

A

The Internal Capsule

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15
Q

Which Cerebral Artery, through one of it’s branches, supplies the Internal Capsule?

A

The Lenticulo-striate branch of the Middle Cerebral Artery

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16
Q

What is the Substantia Nigra a part of:

a) Structurally?
b) Functionally?

A

a) The Midbrain

b) The Basal Ganglia

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17
Q

On a Transverse Section showing the area of the Midbrain, where is the Red Nucleus in relation to the Substantia Nigra?

A

Posterior

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18
Q

What is the function of the Red Nucleus?

A

It is involved in Motor Coordination, but not as much as the Cerebellum (Rubrospinal Tract)

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19
Q

What fibers do the Cerebral Peduncles contain?

A

Both Motor and Sensory Fibers in large tracts

20
Q

What Cranial Nerve Nuclei are found in the Midbrain?

A

The Occulomotor Nucleus for the Occulomotor Nerve (Cranial Nerve III) and the Trochlear Nerve (Cranial Nerve IV)

21
Q

On a Transverse Section showing the area of the Midbrain, where can the Occulomotor Nucleus be found?

A

Posterior to the Red Nucleus

22
Q

On a Transverse Section showing the area of the Midbrain, what structure is Posterior-most?

A

The Cerebellar Peduncles

23
Q

On a Transverse Section showing the area of the Midbrain, where are the Spinothalamic tracts, and Medial Lemniscus found?

A

Pesterolaterally

24
Q

What information does the Spinothalamic Tracts carry?

A

Sensory information

25
Q

What is the Medial Lemniscus involved in?

A

The Crossing-Over of Sensory information

26
Q

On a Transverse Section showing the area of the Midbrain, which part of the Ventricular System can be seen?

A

The Cerebral Aqueduct, through the middle of the Midbrain

27
Q

On a Transverse Section showing the area of the Pons, which structures are found most anteriorly?

A
  1. The Pontine Nuclei

2. The Pyramidal Motor Tracts

28
Q

What are the Pontine Nuclei involved in?

A

Motor Activity

29
Q

What is immediately posterior to the Pontine Nuclei and Pyramidal Motor Tracts?

A

The Medial Lemniscus

30
Q

What is immediately posterior to the Medial Lemniscus?

A

The Nuclei of the Reticular Formation

31
Q

What are the Nuclei of the Reticular Formation responsible for?

A
  1. State of Consciousness (Sleep Wake Cycle) from the Reticular Activating System (Ascending)
  2. Posture, Equilibrium and Autonomic Nervous functioning from the Descending Reticular Formation
32
Q

What Cranial Nerve Nuclei are found in the Pons?

A

The Cranial Nerve Nuclei for the Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve V) and the Abducen Nerve (Cranial Nerve VI)

33
Q

On a Transverse Section showing the area of the Pons, what is the Lateral-most structure?

A

The Middle Cerebellar Peduncles

34
Q

On a Transverse Section showing the area of the Pons, which part of the Ventricular System can be seen?

A

The 4th Ventricle (IV Ventricle)

35
Q

On a Transverse Section showing the area of the Medulla, what forms the Pyramidal Tracts?

A

Motor Fibres

36
Q

Where do the Motor Fibers cross over?

A

At the Decussation of the Pyramids

37
Q

On a Transverse Section showing the area of the Medulla, what forms the Olive?

A

The Olivary Nucleus

38
Q

What is the Olivary Nucleus responsible for?

A

Superior Olivary Nucleus - Perception of Sound (Auditory System)
Inferior Olivary Nucleus - Cerebellar Motor Learning and Funtion

39
Q

On a Transverse Section showing the area of the Medulla, what lies immediately posterior to the Pyramids?

A

The Medial Lemniscus

40
Q

On a Transverse Section showing the area of the Medulla, what lies immediately posterior to the Medial Lemniscus?

A

The Nuclei of the Reticular Formation

41
Q

On a Transverse Section showing the area of the Medulla, what lies immediately posterior to the Nuclei of the Reticular Formation?

A

The Cranial Nerve Nuclei

42
Q

Which Cranial Nerves Nuclei are in the Medulla?

A
  1. The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (Cranial Nerve IX)
  2. The Vagus Nerve (Cranial Nerve X)
  3. The Accessory Nerve (Cranial Nerve XI)
  4. The Hypoglossal Nerve (Cranial Nerve XII)
43
Q

Where are the Cranial Nerve Nuclei for the Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII) and the Vestibulocochlear Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)?

A

These are found in the Border of the Pons and the Medulla

44
Q

On a Transverse Section showing the area of the Medulla, what is the Posterolateral-most structure?

A

The Inferior Peduncles

45
Q

On a Transverse Section showing the area of the Medulla, which part of the Ventricular System can be seen?

A

The 4th Ventricle (IV Ventricle)

2nd Year - Neuroanatomy (13 decks)

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