1.5 The Blood Supply to the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Circle of Willis?

A

This is a Circle of anastomosing Arteries which supplies blood to the Brain

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2
Q

What are the 3 Arteries which Supply blood to the Circle of Willis?

A
  1. The Left Internal Carotid Artery
  2. The Right Internal Carotid Artery
  3. The Basilar Artery
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3
Q

Where do the Internal Carotid Arteries arise from?

A

The Common Carotid Arteries

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4
Q

Where does the Basilar Artery arise from?

A

The anastomosing of the 2 (Left and Right) Vertebral Arteries

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5
Q

Where do the Vertebral Arteries anastomose to form the Basilar Artery?

A

At the Pontomedullary Junction (Over the Brainstem) and these then run the length of the Pons

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6
Q

Where do the Vertebral Arteries arise from?

A

The Subclavian Arteries

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7
Q

Which Arteries completes the posterior Circle of Willis by linking the Internal Carotid Arteries and the Basilar Artery?

A

The Posterior Communicating Arteries

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8
Q

Which Arteries completes the anterior Circle of Willis by linking the Anterior Cerebral Arteries?

A

The Anterior Communicating Artery

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9
Q

What Artery, supplying part of the Head, leaves the Internal Carotid Artery before it reaches the Circle of Willis?

A

The Ophthalmic Artery

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10
Q

What Artery, supplying the Spine, leaves the Vertebral Arteries before they anastomose to form the Basilar Artery

A

The Posterior Spinal Artery

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11
Q

What Artery, supplying part of the Brain, leaves the Vertebral Arteries before they anastomose to form the Basilar Artery

A

The Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery

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12
Q

Which 3 Arteries, supplying part of the the Brain, leaves the Basilar Artery before it reaches the Circle of Willis?
(Distal to Proximal in relation to the Circle of Willis)

A
  1. The Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
  2. The Layrinthine Artery
  3. The Superior Cerebellar Artery
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13
Q

What are the 3 pairs of Cerebral Arteries which arise from the Circle of Willis?

A
  1. The Anterior Cerebral Artery
  2. The Middle Cerebral Artery
  3. The Posterior Cerebral Artery
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14
Q

What area does the Anterior Cerebral Artery supply?

A

The Median Surface of the Cerebrum, and the superior part of the Superficial Surface of the Cerebrum

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15
Q

What area does the Middle Cerebral Artery supply?

A

The Anterior Superficial Surface of the Cerebrum, except for the superior part

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16
Q

What area does the Posterior Cerebral Artery supply?

A

The Posterior Superficial Surface of the Cerebrum (The Occipital Lobe, Midbrain, Hypothalamus, and the Pituitary

17
Q

What arteries supplies the Primary Motor Cortex?

A
  1. Mainly the Middle Cerebral Artery

2. The Anterior Cerebral Artery, for the parts which are at the superior part of the Brain

18
Q

What artery supplies the Primary Sensory Cortex?

A
  1. Mainly the Middle Cerebral Artery

2. The Anterior Cerebral Artery, for the parts which are at the superior part of the Brain

19
Q

What artery supplies the Primary Visual Cortex?

A

The Posterior Cerebral Artery

20
Q

What artery supplies the Primary Auditory Cortex?

A

The Middle Cerebral Artery

21
Q

What artery supplies the Area for Olfaction?

A

The Anterior Cerebral Artery

22
Q

What do the Vertebro-Basilar System supply?

A
  1. The Cerebellum
  2. The Brainstem
  3. The Inner Ear
23
Q

What Cerebral Artery run immediately superior to the Superior Cerebellar Artery

A

The Posterior Cerebral Artery

24
Q

What Cranial Nerve emerges from just above the Superior Cerebellar Artery?

A

The Occulomotor Nerve (Cranial Nerve III)

25
Q

What is the Clinical Significance of the Proximity of the Occulomotor Nerve (Cranial Nerve III) to the Superior Cerebellar Artery?

A

Aneurysms are common and can cause Occulomotor Nerve (Cranial Nerve III) Palsy

26
Q

What are the 3 things which help control blood supply to the Brain?

A
  1. The Carotid Sinus
  2. The Carotid Body
  3. The Sympathetic Motor Nerves
27
Q

What is the Carotid Sinus? And where can it be found?

A

It is a dilatation of the Terminal Part of the Common Carotid Artery

28
Q

What is the Carotid Body? And where can it be found?

A

It is an area on the Posterior Wall of the Terminal Part of the Common Carotid Artery

29
Q

What are the Sympathetic Motor Nerves? And where can they be found?

A

These arise from the Superior Cervical Ganglion to form a Plexus around the Internal Carotid Artery both within and outwith the Cranium.

30
Q

What is the function of the Carotid Sinus?

A

It is a Pressure Receptor which monitors blood flow to the head

31
Q

What do the Sensory Nerves from the Carotid Sinus run in?

A
  1. The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (Cranial Nerve IX)

2. The Vagus Nerve (Cranial Nerve X)

32
Q

What is the function of the Carotid Body?

A

It contains Chemoreceptors which are sensitive to Anoxia (Low Oxygen Levels)

33
Q

What do the Sensory Nerves from the Carotid Body run in?

A

The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (Cranial Nerve IX)

34
Q

What will be stimulated on the detection of Anoxia (Low Oxygen Levels)?

A
  1. Increased Heart Rate
  2. Increased Respiratory Rate
  3. Increased Blood Pressure
35
Q

Branches of which Arteries fuse to form the Anterior Spinal Artery?

A

Vertebral Arteries

36
Q

Which Arteries are the Posterior Spinal Arteries branches of?

A

The Vertebral Arteries, fusing adjacent to the Medulla and then running down the Posterior Spine