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CIVIL 200 > 2.2 Rock Deformation And Defects > Flashcards

2.2 Rock Deformation And Defects Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Crustal Deformation?

A

Rock deposits deformed due to earth processes

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2
Q

What are the types of Crustal Deformation

A

Tectonic movement - Gradual and rapid (rupture earthquake)
Plutonic deposits and volcanic
Change in loading (gravity effects)

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3
Q

What are the different stresses rock deposits under go? (Crustal deformation)

A

Compressive, tensional, shearing forces

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4
Q

What are the DUCTILE crustal deformation?

A

Folding, stretching and thinning, shearing

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5
Q

What are the BRITTLE Crustal Deformation?

A

Faulting

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6
Q

What is folding affected by?

A

Temperature, pressure, strain rate, rock type

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7
Q

What are the types of fold structures?

A

Monocline, Syncline, Anticline

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8
Q

Describe the monocline structure

A

Step like

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9
Q

Describe the Syncline structure

A

Trough (sag curve)

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10
Q

Describe the Anticline structure

A

Crest curve

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11
Q

What is bedding?

A

Interface where each rock layer meets

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12
Q

Engineering aspects of direction of bedding

A

Stability of structures and slopes
Movement of water
Tunnels and underground structures

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13
Q

What should the orientation of the ground (sedimentary rock) be for a DAM?

A

Undisturbed - horizontal
Perpendicular
NOT in line with the resultant force of damn and water pressure

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14
Q

What Engineering Aspects on fold structures in TUNNELS

A

Consider the heterogeneous forces being applied at all times
Different depths into the hill may have different conditions (anticline, Syncline)

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15
Q

What are the types of defects?

A

Planar, zonal
Classification (covered later)

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16
Q

What are the planar defects?

A

Fracture and joints, cleavage, bedding, lithologic boundaries

17
Q

What is cleavage?

A

Foliation in metamorphic rock depositions
(Foliation: splitting into thin sheets)

18
Q

What is Bedding?

A

Layering of sedimentary rocks deposits

19
Q

What are Lithologic boundaries?

A

Interface between rock deposits

20
Q

What are joints?

A

Fractures developed with no displacement

21
Q

How are tectonic joints formed?

A

Formed by deformation of rock due to tectonic stress
Within folds, tensile folds and develops slowly overtime

22
Q

What are the types of joints?

A

Hydraulic, sheeting/unloading and cooling

23
Q

How are hydraulic joints formed?

A

Due to the increase pressure of water within deposits

24
Q

How are sheeting/unloading joints formed?

A

Reduction of load

25
Q

How are cooling joints formed?

A

Developed during cooling of IGNEOUS rocks

26
Q

What does Bedding represent?

A

Change in deposition environment

27
Q

Layers of sedimentary rock with different characteristics are what?

A

Bedding

28
Q

What does the direction of defects affect?

A

Stability of slope, Tunnels and underground structures

29
Q

What are the types of zonal defects?

A

Crushed seam, sheared zone, infill, voids/cavities

30
Q

What are defects the result of ?

A

Movement

31
Q

How are faults developed?

A

Due to relative movement through deposits, i.e tectonic activity propagates through material

32
Q

What are the classifications of faults?

A

Strike slip, normal, reverse, thrust, oblique

33
Q

What is a strike-slip fault?

A

Shearing response due to tectonic forces, Horizontal movement in strike of fault plane, no vertical movement

34
Q

What is a normal fault?

A

Extensional response due to tectonic forces, horizontal movement perpendicular to strike of fault plane, vertical movement - hanging in dip direction

35
Q

What is a reverse fault?

A

Compressional response due to tectonic forces, horizontal movement perpendicular to strike of fault plane, vertical movement - hanging wall opposite to dip direction

36
Q

What are voids/cavities influence on strength?

A

Loss of capacity when present

37
Q

What are the potential engineering aspects of deformation and defects?

A

Strength, Stability, Water movement, and gradual or rapid movement

CIVIL 200 (3 decks)

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