2.2 Programming fundamentals

Question 1

What are the 3 programming fundamentals

Answer 1

Sequence
Selection
Iteration

Question 2

5 data types

Answer 2

Integer
Real
Float
Boolean
String

Question 3

What is casting

Answer 3

Changing the data type of something

Question 4

Cast 1 into int

Answer 4

int(“1”)

Question 5

Cast 1 into true

Answer 5

bool(1)

Question 6

Arithmetic operators

Answer 6

*
/

//
%

Question 7

Assignment operator

Answer 7

=

Question 8

What is a high-level language

Answer 8

Programming language used by humans
Has to be translated for computers to read

Question 9

Comparison operators

Answer 9

==
!=
<
>
<=
>=

Question 10

What is a constant

Answer 10

A variable that does not change

Question 11

How to concatenate

Answer 11

newString= string1 + “ “ string2

Question 12

What is concatenation

Answer 12

The conjoining of 2 strings

Question 13

Example of string manipulation

Answer 13

.upper()
.left()
.length()

Question 14

What are the boolean operators

Answer 14

And
Or
Not
Not and

Question 15

Give an example of selection

Answer 15

if then

Question 16

What does the switch statement do

Answer 16

If statement with one variable

Question 17

What is sequence

Answer 17

When the code runs from top to the bottom

Question 18

What is selection

Answer 18

Selects a certain part of the code to run depending on conditions

Question 19

What is iteration

Answer 19

Looping code

Question 20

Types of looping

Answer 20

Condition-controlled For
Count-controlled Do until, while

Question 21

What does a for loop do

Answer 21

Loops for a certain amount of times

Question 22

What does a do until loop do

Answer 22

Controlled by condition at the end of the loop

Question 23

What does a while loop do

Answer 23

Control by condition at the start of the loop

Question 24

Write a random number generator

Answer 24

roll = random(1,4)

Question 25

What is an array

Answer 25

Data structure used to store data under one name

Question 26

What is a 1D array

Answer 26

A list

Question 27

What is a 2D array

Answer 27

A list of lists

Question 28

Arrays have a fixed

Answer 28

Length

Question 29

Where is 2D array used

Answer 29

Database

Question 30

How to open file

Answer 30

file = open(“file.txt”)

Question 31

How to create a file

Answer 31

newFile(“myfile.txt”)

Question 32

How to write to a file and how to read

Answer 32

writeLine()
readLine()

Question 33

Difference between records and arrays

Answer 33

Records can store different data types

Question 34

How to do SELECT FROM in SQL

Answer 34

SELECT hotelName
FROM hotels

Question 35

WHERE does in SQL?

Answer 35

Used in SELECT and FROM where you want certain conditions to be met

Question 36

What are procedures

Answer 36

Set of instructions stored under one name

Question 37

What are functions

Answer 37

Procedures that always return a value

Question 38

What are parameters

Answer 38

Special variables used to pass values into a subprogram

Question 39

Arguments

Answer 39

The values that parameters take

Question 40

Local variables

Answer 40

Used within the structure they are declared in

Question 41

Global variables

Answer 41

Can be used any time after their declaration