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Computer Science > 1.2 Memory and Storage > Flashcards

1.2 Memory and Storage Flashcards

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1
Q

What does increasing the capacity of RAM do to increase performance

A

Less likely to use the slower virtual memory
More instructions in use can be stored in the fast to access RAM

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2
Q

What is RAM and it’s purpose

A

Random Access Memory
To store instructions currently in use

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3
Q

Properties of primary storage
and how its properties are different to secondary

A

Usually volatile
Faster to access
Lower capacity than secondary

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4
Q

What is virtual memory

A

Secondary storage used as primary storage

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5
Q

When is virtual memory used

A

When RAM is full but there still needs to be room for instructions in use to go

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6
Q

A con of virtual memory and why

A

It is slower than primary storage because it needs to send the data back to primary storage first

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7
Q

2 types of primary storage

A

RAM and ROM

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8
Q

What is ROM and what does it do

A

Read-Only Memory
Contains the bootstrap system (BIOS) which runs checks on the computer and tells the computer to transfer the operating system from secondary storage to RAM

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9
Q

What is firmware

A

A combination of hardware and software
Permanent software

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10
Q

Why is secondary storage needed

A

To store instructions not currently in use for long term

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11
Q

Differences between RAM and ROM

A

RAM is read and write
RAM is volatile
RAM is used in F-D-E cycle
Ram has higher storage

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12
Q

What is primary storage definition

A

Storage that CPU can quickly access

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13
Q

What is secondary storage definition

A

Storage that stores instructions currently not in use

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14
Q

What are the 3 types of secondary storage

A

Optical
Magnetic
Solid State

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15
Q

How does Magnetic drive work

A

Data is stored as magnetic charge on a spinning disc

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16
Q

How does SSD work

A

Electronically

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17
Q

How does optical data work

A

Pits and lands work as 0s and 1s

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18
Q

6 ways of measuring how good a memory type is

A

Capacity
Cost (per MB)
Portability
Reliability
Durability
Speed

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19
Q

What are advantages and disadvantages of magnetic storage

A

Advantages Disadvantages
Capacity Speed
Cost Reliability

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20
Q

What are advantages and disadvantages of solid state storage

A

Advantages Disadvantages
Capacity Cost
Speed Limited amount of read/writes

21
Q

What are advantages and disadvantages of optical

A

Advantages Disadvantages
Cost Capacity
Durable Speed

21
Q

State all of the measurements of data in ascending order

A

Bit
Nibble
Byte
Kilobyte
Megabyte
Gigabyte
Terabyte
Petabyte

22
Q

Why is data stored in binary

A

Because it is easier for electronics and the components
It is elegant as it is a simple on or off

23
Q

How to workout the size of a text file

A

bits per character x number of characters

24
Q

How to workout the size of a sound file

A

Sample rate x bit depth x duration

25
Q

How to workout the size of an image

A

colour depth x image height x image length

26
Q

105 in binary

A

01101001

27
Q

10110101 in denary

A

181

28
Q

187 in hexadecimal

A

BB

29
Q

What does binary shift left do

A

Double the number

30
Q

What is an overflow error

A

When adding binary and the number is more than 8-bits

31
Q

How many bits does ASCII use

A

8

32
Q

What is a character set

A

Collection of characters used to represent text in a computer system

32
Q

How many characters can ASCII represent

A

256

33
Q

How many bits does Unicode use

A

16

34
Q

What are images made of pixels called

A

Bit-map

35
Q

How to increase the colour depth of an image

A

Increase the amount of bits used to represent one pixel

36
Q

What is metadata

A

Data providing information about one or more aspects of another data

37
Q

How is sound converted to digital data

A

Analogue sound is picked up by microphone, analogue to digital converters convert the analogue sound into data, by sampling the sound at regular intervals

38
Q

Why is compression needed

A

Reduce file size

39
Q

What is lossy compression

A

Some unnecessary data is removed from the file

40
Q

What is lossless compression

A

Data is temporarily removed from a file but when opening the file the computer is told how to return the file to it’s original state

41
Q

Pros of lossy compression

A

Reduced size
Most data removed is unnoticeable
Often is necessary to use

42
Q

Cons of lossy compression

A

Data is lost
Worse quality
Can’t return file to original

43
Q

Pros of lossless compression

A

Can be used on text
No data lost
Can return to original

44
Q

Cons of lossless compression

A

Not that big reduction in file size

45
Q

When is lossy compression used

A

Image and sound files

46
Q

When is lossless compression used

A

Text, (image and sound sometimes)

47
Q
A

Computer Science (11 decks)

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