1.3 Computer networks, connections and protocols

Question 1

What is a LAN

Answer 1

Network that covers a small geographic area and all hardware in it is owned by the users of it

Question 2

Where would you usually see a LAN

Answer 2

Business, school

Question 3

Advantages of a LAN

Answer 3

Sharing files is easier
Share hardware
Easier communication
Network-wide updates
Network-wide internet connection
Monitoring

Question 4

What is a WAN

Answer 4

A network that is spread over a large geographical area, connects LANs together
Hardware used is not owned by organisation using it

Question 5

Examples of WANs

Answer 5

Internet, Buisness spread over large area

Question 6

What is a NIC and what does it do

Answer 6

Network Interface controller
Internal piece of hardware that connects to a network

Question 7

What does a switch do

Answer 7

The switch is sent data and specifically and intelligently chooses which computer to send the data to

Question 8

What does a hub do

Answer 8

Forwards data packets along a network

Question 9

What does a router do

Answer 9

Transmits data between networks

Question 10

Pros of wired network

Answer 10

Cost-effectiveness
Reliability
Security

Question 11

Cons of wired network

Answer 11

Maintenance
Cannot physical run cables through places
Cost

Question 12

Pros of wireless network

Answer 12

Mobility
Lower cost
Easier to maintain

Question 13

Cons of wireless network

Answer 13

Security
Lower speed
Connectivity

Question 14

Example of wired network

Answer 14

Ethernet

Question 15

Examples of a wireless network

Answer 15

Bluetooth
Wi-Fi

Question 16

Factors that effect performance of a network

Answer 16

Error rate
Devices on network
Latency
Bandwidth

Question 17

What is bandwidth

Answer 17

The amount of data that can be transferred in a given time

Question 18

How does a client server model work and how do the clients get data

Answer 18

A server in the middle connected to a lot of clients on the outside
Clients request to have access to the files contained within the server and this sever sends files to whoever requested them

Question 19

Pros of client server model

Answer 19

Reliable as its always on
Security
Easier to install software

Question 20

Cons of client server model

Answer 20

Expensive
Dependent on server
Needs good transmition media

Question 21

What is used to transfer data wirelessly

Answer 21

Radio waves

Question 22

What is transmition media

Answer 22

What is used to transmit the data

Question 23

Types of wired transmition media

Answer 23

Twisted copper pair
Coaxial cable
Optic FIbre cable

Question 24

How does a Peer to peer network work

Answer 24

All computers are connected to each other and act as clients and servers

Question 25

Pros of peer to peer networks

Answer 25

Easy to maintain Not dependent on server

Question 26

Cons of peer to peer networks

Answer 26

No centralised management Less reliable Hard to copy files to all devices

Question 27

What is a star network topology

Answer 27

Where all of the computers are connected to a central switch and not to each other

Question 28

Pros of star network topology

Answer 28

If a device fails it still works Better performance Less wires needed

Question 29

Cons of star network topology

Answer 29

If the switch breaks whole network breaks Every computer needs to be connected to switch

Question 30

All 4 topologies

Answer 30

Star Mesh Ring Bush

Question 31

Mesh network topology

Answer 31

Where all devices are connected to each other instead of a switch

Question 32

Pros of mesh network topology

Answer 32

Better coverage Not reliant on switch

Question 33

Cons of mesh network topology

Answer 33

Lots of wire needed Harder to expand network

Question 34

What is a network protocol

Answer 34

A set of rules for transmitting processing and processing data

Question 35

What type of address does communication in the same network use

Answer 35

MAC address

Question 36

What are MAC addresses formatted/ shown as

Answer 36

48/64 bit numbers

Question 37

How are MAC addresses used

Answer 37

Switches used MAC to send data to the right reciever

Question 38

What addresses does communication between networks

Answer 38

IP

Question 39

What are the 2 versions of IP

Answer 39

IPv4 IPv6

Question 40

How are IPv4 addresses shown

Answer 40

8-bit chunks or denary numbers seperated by full stop

Question 41

How are IPv6 addresses shown

Answer 41

16 bit chunks or Hexadecimal sperated with colon

Question 42

What is TCP/IP

Answer 42

A protocol that dictates how data is sent between networks

Question 43

TCP means and does

Answer 43

Transmition Control Protocol Protocol for how devices connect on a network

Question 44

IP means and does

Answer 44

Internet protocol Directs packets to designated locations

Question 45

HTTP means and does

Answer 45

Hypertext transfer protocol Used by web browsers to access web servers

Question 46

HTTPS means and does

Answer 46

Hypertext transfer protocol secure Used by web browsers to access web servers securely

Question 47

FTP means and does

Answer 47

File transfer protocol Used to transfer files between devices on a network

Question 48

POP means and does

Answer 48

Post office protocol Used to retrieve emails from a server then it is deleted from server

Question 49

IMAP

Answer 49

ussy Internet Message Access protocol Used to retrieve emails from a server it is copied from server

Question 50

SMTP means and does

Answer 50

Simple mail transfer protocol Used to send emails

Question 51

What is a layer of a network protocol

Answer 51

A group of protocols that have similar functions

Question 52

Say the 4 layers of the TCP/IP network protocol

Answer 52

1 Network access layer 2 Internet layer 3 Transport layer 4 Application layer

Question 53

What are the advantages of using layers of network protocols

Answer 53

Breaks network protocol into manageable sections All layers can be changed without affecting other layers Having standards for each layer makes companies use universal software

Question 54

What are standards

Answer 54

Agreed ways of doing things for example transmitting data

Question 55

What is the internet

Answer 55

A WAN Networks of networks

Question 56

What is the World Wide Web

Answer 56

A collection of websites hosted on the web servers of the internet

Question 57

What are Domain Name Services used for

Answer 57

Convert URLs into domain names then into IP addresses by checking them on the domain name server

Question 58

What are URLs

Answer 58

Addresses used to access web servers

Question 59

What do Domain Name Servers do

Answer 59

Hold a large store of domain names

Question 60

Why are standards needed

Answer 60

For different hardware across networks to interact

Question 61

What is hosting

Answer 61

When a company uses its servers to store the files of another company

Question 62

What is 'the cloud'

Answer 62

Storage devices, processing power and applications the exits remotely over the internet

Question 63

What is a WAP

Answer 63

Wireless Access Point A switch that allows devices to connect wirelessly

Question 64

Pros of the cloud

Answer 64

Users can access files and apps from any device Easy to increase available storage Don't have to buy expensive hardware Back ups Automatic updates

Question 65

Cons of the cloud

Answer 65

Need to be connected to internet Dependent on host Can be hacked Subscription fees

Question 66

What is encryption

Answer 66

When data is scrambled while being sent to another computer Sending data over network securely