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Computer Science > 1.3 Computer networks, connections and protocols > Flashcards

1.3 Computer networks, connections and protocols Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a LAN

A

Network that covers a small geographic area and all hardware in it is owned by the users of it

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2
Q

Where would you usually see a LAN

A

Business, school

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3
Q

Advantages of a LAN

A

Sharing files is easier
Share hardware
Easier communication
Network-wide updates
Network-wide internet connection
Monitoring

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4
Q

What is a WAN

A

A network that is spread over a large geographical area, connects LANs together
Hardware used is not owned by organisation using it

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5
Q

Examples of WANs

A

Internet, Buisness spread over large area

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6
Q

What is a NIC and what does it do

A

Network Interface controller
Internal piece of hardware that connects to a network

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7
Q

What does a switch do

A

The switch is sent data and specifically and intelligently chooses which computer to send the data to

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8
Q

What does a hub do

A

Forwards data packets along a network

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9
Q

What does a router do

A

Transmits data between networks

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10
Q

Pros of wired network

A

Cost-effectiveness
Reliability
Security

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11
Q

Cons of wired network

A

Maintenance
Cannot physical run cables through places
Cost

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12
Q

Pros of wireless network

A

Mobility
Lower cost
Easier to maintain

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13
Q

Cons of wireless network

A

Security
Lower speed
Connectivity

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14
Q

Example of wired network

A

Ethernet

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15
Q

Examples of a wireless network

A

Bluetooth
Wi-Fi

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16
Q

Factors that effect performance of a network

A

Error rate
Devices on network
Latency
Bandwidth

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17
Q

What is bandwidth

A

The amount of data that can be transferred in a given time

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18
Q

How does a client server model work and how do the clients get data

A

A server in the middle connected to a lot of clients on the outside
Clients request to have access to the files contained within the server and this sever sends files to whoever requested them

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19
Q

Pros of client server model

A

Reliable as its always on
Security
Easier to install software

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20
Q

Cons of client server model

A

Expensive
Dependent on server
Needs good transmition media

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21
Q

What is used to transfer data wirelessly

A

Radio waves

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22
Q

What is transmition media

A

What is used to transmit the data

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23
Q

Types of wired transmition media

A

Twisted copper pair
Coaxial cable
Optic FIbre cable

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24
Q

How does a Peer to peer network work

A

All computers are connected to each other and act as clients and servers

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25
Q

Pros of peer to peer networks

A

Easy to maintain
Not dependent on server

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26
Q

Cons of peer to peer networks

A

No centralised management
Less reliable
Hard to copy files to all devices

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27
Q

What is a star network topology

A

Where all of the computers are connected to a central switch and not to each other

28
Q

Pros of star network topology

A

If a device fails it still works
Better performance
Less wires needed

29
Q

Cons of star network topology

A

If the switch breaks whole network breaks
Every computer needs to be connected to switch

30
Q

All 4 topologies

A

Star
Mesh
Ring
Bush

31
Q

Mesh network topology

A

Where all devices are connected to each other instead of a switch

32
Q

Pros of mesh network topology

A

Better coverage
Not reliant on switch

33
Q

Cons of mesh network topology

A

Lots of wire needed
Harder to expand network

34
Q

What is a network protocol

A

A set of rules for transmitting processing and processing data

35
Q

What type of address does communication in the same network use

A

MAC address

36
Q

What are MAC addresses formatted/ shown as

A

48/64 bit numbers

37
Q

How are MAC addresses used

A

Switches used MAC to send data to the right reciever

38
Q

What addresses does communication between networks

A

IP

39
Q

What are the 2 versions of IP

A

IPv4 IPv6

40
Q

How are IPv4 addresses shown

A

8-bit chunks
or denary numbers seperated by full stop

41
Q

How are IPv6 addresses shown

A

16 bit chunks
or Hexadecimal sperated with colon

42
Q

What is TCP/IP

A

A protocol that dictates how data is sent between networks

43
Q

TCP means and does

A

Transmition Control Protocol
Protocol for how devices connect on a network

44
Q

IP means and does

A

Internet protocol
Directs packets to designated locations

45
Q

HTTP means and does

A

Hypertext transfer protocol
Used by web browsers to access web servers

46
Q

HTTPS means and does

A

Hypertext transfer protocol secure
Used by web browsers to access web servers securely

47
Q

FTP means and does

A

File transfer protocol
Used to transfer files between devices on a network

48
Q

POP means and does

A

Post office protocol
Used to retrieve emails from a server then it is deleted from server

49
Q

IMAP

A

ussy
Internet Message Access protocol
Used to retrieve emails from a server it is copied from server

50
Q

SMTP means and does

A

Simple mail transfer protocol
Used to send emails

51
Q

What is a layer of a network protocol

A

A group of protocols that have similar functions

52
Q

Say the 4 layers of the TCP/IP network protocol

A

1 Network access layer
2 Internet layer
3 Transport layer
4 Application layer

53
Q

What are the advantages of using layers of network protocols

A

Breaks network protocol into manageable sections
All layers can be changed without affecting other layers
Having standards for each layer makes companies use universal software

54
Q

What are standards

A

Agreed ways of doing things for example transmitting data

55
Q

What is the internet

A

A WAN
Networks of networks

56
Q

What is the World Wide Web

A

A collection of websites hosted on the web servers of the internet

57
Q

What are Domain Name Services used for

A

Convert URLs into domain names then into IP addresses by checking them on the domain name server

58
Q

What are URLs

A

Addresses used to access web servers

59
Q

What do Domain Name Servers do

A

Hold a large store of domain names

60
Q

Why are standards needed

A

For different hardware across networks to interact

61
Q

What is hosting

A

When a company uses its servers to store the files of another company

62
Q

What is ‘the cloud’

A

Storage devices, processing power and applications the exits remotely over the internet

63
Q

What is a WAP

A

Wireless Access Point
A switch that allows devices to connect wirelessly

64
Q

Pros of the cloud

A

Users can access files and apps from any device
Easy to increase available storage
Don’t have to buy expensive hardware
Back ups
Automatic updates

65
Q

Cons of the cloud

A

Need to be connected to internet
Dependent on host
Can be hacked
Subscription fees

66
Q

What is encryption

A

When data is scrambled while being sent to another computer
Sending data over network securely

67
Q
A

Computer Science (11 decks)

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