2.2 Programming Fundamentals

Question 1

Integer:

Answer 1

Whole number

Question 2

Real/float:

Answer 2

Decimal numbers

Question 3

Boolean:

Answer 3

1 of 2 values, true/false, yes/no, 0/1

Question 4

Character:

Answer 4

Single letter, number or symbol

Question 5

String:

Answer 5

Used to represent text, collection of characters

Question 6

Casting:

Answer 6

Change data type

Question 7

Arithmetic operators:

Answer 7

Take values and perform mathematical functions on them

Question 8

Exponentiation:

Answer 8

Raise a number to a power. ^, or **

Question 9

DIV:

Answer 9

Returns the whole number part of a division. // is used

Question 10

MOD:

Answer 10

Returns the remainder part after division % is used

Question 11

Assignment:

Answer 11

Allocate values to constants or variables

Question 12

Comparison operators:

Answer 12

Compare the expression on left side with expression on right. Boolean value

Question 13

Constant:

Answer 13

A constant is assigned a data value that can’t be changed as the program runs

Question 14

Variable:

Answer 14

A location in memory that holds 1 or more values. Has a label to identify it and value can be changed as program runs

Question 15

String manipulation:

Answer 15

Chars in a string numbered starting at 0. Can use commands giving info about the string or allows you to alter the string

Question 16

Selection statements(if):

Answer 16

Check if a statement is true or false and carry out different actions depending on outcome

Question 17

Selection statements(switch):

Answer 17

Also known as case select statements, can check if a variable has a specific value

Question 18

Count controlled loop(for):

Answer 18

For loops will repeat the code in them a fixed number of times

Question 19

Condition controlled loop(while):

Answer 19

Controlled by a condition at loop start. Will keep going until condition is false

Question 20

Condition controlled loop(do):

Answer 20

A do…until loop is controlled by a condition at end of loop. Keep going until condition is true. Will always run the loop at least once

Question 21

Boolean operators:

Answer 21

And, or, not. Selection and iteration statements

Question 22

Random numbers:

Answer 22

Most languages have a function to generate random numbers. Useful for simple games

Question 23

Arrays:

Answer 23

Data structures that can store a collection of data values under one name. Each val called an element

Question 24

2D arrays:

Answer 24

Essentially a 1 dimensional array where each element is a 1 dimensional array

Question 25

File handling:

Answer 25

How a program can access and change data that is stored in an external file

Question 26

Record:

Answer 26

Data structure that stores a collection of data values. Can store values with different data types

Question 27

SQL:

Answer 27

Structured Query Language can be used to search database tables for specific data

Question 28

Sub programs:

Answer 28

Save time and simplify code. Carry out a specific task

Question 29

Procedures:

Answer 29

Sets of instructions stored under 1 name. When you want the program to carry out these instructions you call procedure name

Question 30

Functions:

Answer 30

Similar to procedures but functions always return a value