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Computing > 1.3 Networks, Connections and Protocols > Flashcards

1.3 Networks, Connections and Protocols Flashcards

1
Q

LAN:

A

Covers small geographical area using privately owned infrastructure

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2
Q

WAN:

A

Network that connects LANs. Organisations hire infrastructure from telecommunication companies

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3
Q

NIC:

A

Network Interface Controller/Card is an internal piece of hardware that allows a device to connect to the internet

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4
Q

Switch:

A

Connects devices on a LAN. Switches receive frames of
data from devices and transmit
this data using the MAC address.

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5
Q

Router:

A

Routers direct data packets between different networks. Connects LAN to internet. Manage and prioritise data traffic - stable connections. Assign IP for devices on a network. Most efficient path, routing table

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6
Q

Ethernet Cable:

A

An ethernet cable connects your
device to a network. Ethernet
cables are ‘twisted pair’ cables
containing four pairs of copper
wire.

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7
Q

Coaxial cable:

A

Coaxial cables are made of a single
copper wire surrounded by a
plastic layer or insulation and a
metallic mesh which provides
shielding.

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8
Q

Fibre Optic Cable:

A

These cables transmit data as
light. They are high performance
cables and therefore expensive.
They can transmit data over very
large distances.

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9
Q

Bluetooth:

A

Bluetooth provides a direct
connection between two devices
so that data can be shared. It has
a low bandwidth and the range is
typically 10 metres.

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10
Q

Wi-Fi:

A

Wi-Fi can be used by multiple
devices to connect to LANs at the
same time. It has high bandwidth
compared to Bluetooth. It has a
range of between 40-100 metres.

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11
Q

WAP:

A

A wireless access point (WAP) is a
hardware device that allows
wireless
-capable devices to
connect to a wired network.

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12
Q

Client-server:

A

A client-server network is
managed by a server. The devices
connected to it are clients. Files
and software are stored centrally.
Clients send requests to the server.

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13
Q

Peer-to-peer:

A

In P2P networks, all devices are
equal, connecting directly to each
other without a server. Files are
stored on individual devices and
can be shared with others.

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14
Q

Star topology:

A

In star topology all devices are
connected to a central switch or
server. The central switch allows
many devices to access the server
simultaneously. Only traffic goes to intended device

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15
Q

Mesh topology:

A

In a mesh topology there is no
central connection point. Instead,
each node is connected to at least
one other node and usually to
more than one.

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16
Q

Network Protocol:

A

A network protocol is a set of
rules for how devices
communicate and how data is
transmitted across a network.

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17
Q

MAC Address:

A

Every device needs a unique
identifier so it can be found on a
network. MAC addresses are
assigned to all network devices by
the manufacturer.

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18
Q

IP Address:

A

IP addresses are used when
sending data between networks.
IP addresses are assigned either
manually or automatically before
the device can access the network

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19
Q

TCP/IP:

A

TCP sets rules about how devices
connect. It splits data into packets
and reassembles the packets back
to the original data. The IP directs
packets to their destination.

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20
Q

HTTP(s):

A

Used by web browsers to access
websites and communicate with
web servers. HTTPS is more
secure as all data is encrypted.

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21
Q

FTP:

A

File Transfer Protocol used to access, edit and move files
between devices on networks.

22
Q

POP3:

A

Post Office Protocol used to
retrieve emails from a server. The
server holds the email until you
download it, it is then deleted
from the server.

23
Q

IMAP:

A

Internet Message Access Protocol
used to retrieve emails from a
server. The server holds the email
until you delete it – you only
download a copy.

24
Q

SMTP:

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
used to send emails. It is also
used to transfer emails between
servers.

25
Q

Layers:

A

A layer is a group of protocols
which have the same function.
Layers are self-contained –
protocols don’t need to know
what is happening in other layers.

26
Q

The Internet:

A

The internet is a network of
networks. It is a WAN which is
based on the TCP/IP protocol. It
connects devices and networks
across the world.

27
Q

Worldwide Web:

A

The WWW is a collection of
websites that are hosted on web
servers and accessed using the
HTTP protocol.

28
Q

Domain Name Server:

A

DNS translates a website’s domain
name into its IP address. The
internet has a network of domain
name servers so you don’t need to
remember IP addresses.

29
Q

Cloud:

A

The cloud refers to software and
services that run on the Internet,
instead of locally on your
computer. Collection of servers which store data over Internet

30
Q

Hosting:

A

In order to let other people see
your web site, it will be placed on
a web server. This is known as
hosting. The web server is
referred to as a ‘host’.

31
Q

Benefits of layers:

A

Helps simplify networking protocols by breaking them into smaller, more manageable units, but also offers greater flexibility. Splitting a network design into layers is beneficial to programmers as it simplifies design, making it easier to modify and use.

32
Q

Network:

A

Two or more devices connected together with the purpose of sharing resources

33
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of a network:

A

Share resources, access files, easier communication, data security risk, malicious software unusable, servers and switches central point of failure

34
Q

Bandwidth:

A

Rate of data transfer

35
Q

6 factors that affect network performance:

A

Number of users, bandwidth, latency - delay between data being sent and received, collisions, error rate - no. Of packets that don’t reach destination transmission media - cable type, interference(errors, retransmit, traffic)

36
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of client server:

A

Advs: backups easy as central point, update and install software, security easy
Disadvantages: expensive to purchase, setup and maintain, IT specialist, single point of failure no network access

37
Q

Peer to peer advantages and disadvantages:

A

Advantages: very easy to set up and maintain, very cheap no expensive hardware, no specialist staff
Disadvs: own backups, own software updates, less secure

38
Q

DNS:

A

Directory of domain names to translate into IP addresses.
URL entry, DNS query, checks cache for IP address, requests authoritative if needed, IP retrieved, web browser sends HTTP(s) request to IP, server at IP processes request, sends web page data back, renders web page

39
Q

Web servers:

A

Dedicated servers that store web pages, IP so users can access 24/7.

40
Q

Clients:

A

End users who make requests of the servers

41
Q

Hosting:

A

Storing of content on servers, accessible by many and 24/7, reliable and secure, IP same

42
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of the cloud:

A

Advs: anytime anywhere, any device, large capacity, low cost/free, responsibility for backups and security with service provider, easy collaborate
Disadvs: internet connection, capacity increase expensive, security threats, who is owner of data once uploaded?

43
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of star topology:

A

Advs: single cable stops working, rest of network works. Easy to set up, low cost compared to mesh
Disadvs: Single point of failure, extra hardware

44
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of mesh network:

A

Advs: single cable stops rest of network works, no central point of failure
Disadvantages: hardware, time, cost to set up, difficult to add devices

45
Q

IPv4:

A

4 blocks of denary between 0 and 255, full stops. One byte per block. 4 bil unique addresses

46
Q

IPv6:

A

8 blocks of hexadecimal digits, colons, each block is 2 bytes, one billion addresses for every person

47
Q

MAC address:

A

12 hexadecimal digits, in pairs, 281 trillion devices

48
Q

Standards:

A

Guidelines that when used with different hardware or software allows them to work with each other(compatibility) and allow data exchange(interoperability). Hardware and software function together. HTML, Ethernet, USB, Wi-Fi.

49
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of PoP and IMAP:

A

POP: Frees up storage on email servers, faster on slow ugh only emails from one device, emails deleted once downloaded
IMAP: view and manage emails from any device with internet, changes synchronised with all devices, though server storage can limit retained emails, internet access to view

50
Q

Advantages of layers:

A

Self contained - each layer works independent of each other so easier management and repair
Focus on specific protocol parts without affecting other layers, promotes data exchange(interoperability) between hardware and software

51
Q

Wireless vs wired:

A

Remote - move freely, cheap less disruption, easy to expand network, interference, fast degradation of signal quality, slower than wired, hackinf

Computing (13 decks)

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