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Bio 11: Lecture Final > 22: Organization of Body > Flashcards

22: Organization of Body Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 main tissue types?

A
  1. Epithelial Tissue
  2. Connective Tissue
  3. Muscular Tissue
  4. Nervous Tissue
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2
Q

What does epithelial tissue do?

A

covers the body surface and lines the body cavities

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3
Q

What does connective tissue do?

A

binds and supports parts of the body.

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4
Q

What does muscular tissue do?

A

provides movement

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5
Q

What does nervous tissue do?

A

conducts nerve impulses and interprets stimuli.

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6
Q

What are the 5 organ system catergories?

A
  1. Transport of fluids
  2. Body maintenance
  3. Control of the body systems
  4. Sensory input and motor output
  5. Reproduction
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7
Q

What are the body’s 2 transpo systems?

A

cardiovascular & lymphatic

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8
Q

Cardiovascular System

What does it consist of?

What does it do?

A
  • consists of heart & blood vessels
  • carries blood through the body to deliver nutrients and remove waste
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9
Q

What does the lymphatic system consist of?

What does it do?

A
  • consists of the lymph nodes, lymph fluid, and lymphatic vessels.
  • collects excess fluid and fat from the body and returns it to the heart
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10
Q

What 3 organ systems contribute to the maintenence of the body?

What do they do?

A
  1. The digestive system
  2. respiratory system
  3. urinary system
  • deliver and remove substances from the body’s tissues
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11
Q

What id the digestive system composed of?

What does it do?

A
  • composed of organs of the digestive tract and peripheral components such as the teeth, liver, and pancreas
  • processes and extracts nutrients from food
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12
Q

What is the respiratory system composed of?

What does it do?

A
  • lungs and tubes through which air moves
  • provides gas exchange for the cardiovascular system
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13
Q

What is the urinary system composed of?

What does it do?

A
  • consists of the kidneys, bladder, and urine conducting tubes
  • removes excess water and salts from the blood and excretes them in the urine
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14
Q

What are the 2 control systems of the body?

A
  1. nervous system
  2. endocrine system
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15
Q

What does the nervous system composed of?

What does it do?

A
  • consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
  • receives, interprets, and responds to stimuli
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16
Q

What is the endocrine system composed of?

What does it do?

A
  • consists of the hormonal glands that secrete chemicals that serve as messengers between body parts
  • These messages help control bodily functions
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17
Q

3 Motor input/output systems

A
  1. Integumentary
  2. skeletal
  3. muscle
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18
Q

What is the integumentary system composed of?

What does it do?

A
  • consists of the skin and accessory systems
  • sensory receptors of this system sense external stimuli
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19
Q

What is the skeletal system composed of?

What does it do?

A
  • consists of the bones
  • provides support and works with the muscular system to provide movement
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20
Q

What is the muscular system compsed of?

What does it do?

A
  • consists of the body’s muscles
  • contraction of these muscles moves the skeletal system to provide movement
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21
Q

What is the reproductive system compossed of?

A
  • male reproductive system: testes and associated glands and ducts
  • female reproductive system: ovaries, oviducts, uterus, and vagina
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22
Q

What is homeostasis?

Why is it necessary?

A
  • When tissue fluids of the body are constantly replenished and recirculated by the organ systems
  • necessary to provide nutrients, exchange gases, and remove wastes.
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23
Q

Homeostasis of which organs regulates sugar levels?

A

liver + pancreas

24
Q

What does homeostasis in the cardiovascular system do?

A

circulates the blood and cells of the immune system while assisting in gas exchange.

25
Q

What is negative feedback?

What are its 2 components?

A
  • primary mechanism of homeostatic control
  1. sensor component: detects changes in stimuli
  2. control center: triggers response to restore balance.
26
Q

What are the 3 types of blood vessels?

A
  1. Arteries
  2. Veins
  3. Capillaries
27
Q

Where do arteries carry blood?

A

Away from heart

28
Q

Where do veins carry blood

A

back to the heart

29
Q

Where are capillaries found? What do they do?

A
  • network of vessels between the arteries and veins
  • where fluid, gas, and waste exchange take place.
30
Q

Flow of blood (4)

A
  1. arteries
  2. capillaries (gas, waste, nutrient exchange)
  3. veins
  4. heart
31
Q

What does each side of the heart do?

A

Right: pumps oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs

Left: pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body

32
Q

What seperates the 2 sides of the heart?

what does it do?

A
  • septum
  • prevents the oxygen-depleted and oxygen-rich blood from mixing
33
Q

What are the 2 chambers of the heart?

Where do they pump blood?

A
  • upper atrium: receives blood
  • lower ventricle: pumps blood out
34
Q

What part of the heart regulates the flow of blood throuogh the heart?

What are the 2 parts?

A
  • valves
  1. atrioventricular valves: connects atria + ventricles
  2. semilunar valves: connects ventricles to attached blood vessels
35
Q

What is the flow of blood to the heart? (7)

A
  1. Superior vena cava
  2. right atrium
  3. tricuspid valve
  4. right ventricle
  5. pulmonary semilunar valve
  6. pulmonary trunk
  7. pulmonary arteries
36
Q

What is the flow of blood after lungs? (7)

A
  1. pulmonary veins
  2. left atrium
  3. bicuspid valve
  4. left ventricle
  5. aortic semilunar valve
  6. aorta
  7. body
37
Q

What Is the contraction of the heart called?

A

systole

38
Q

What is the relaxation of the heart suring heartbeat called?

A

diastole

39
Q

What causes the heartbeat sound?

A

the closing of the heart valves

40
Q

How is the heartbeat regulated?

What does it do?

A
  • sinoatrial (SA) node, special cardiac muscle in the atrial wall
  • sends a regular signal that triggers the atria to contract via the atrioventricular (AV) node
41
Q

What is blood pressure a measure of?

What allows it to work?

A
  • pressure of arterial blood flow
  • structure of arteries includes muscle tissue that allows them to expand as the blood pressure changes
42
Q

What is the structure of arteries?

A

flexible arterial structure includes smooth muscle and elastic fibers

43
Q

Arterioles

A

small arteries that help regulate blood pressure

44
Q

What is the structure of capillaries?

A

thin layer of epithelial cells to facilitate exchange of substances with the tissues.

45
Q

What are venules?

A
  • vessels that drain blood from the capillaries into veins.
  • larger diameter than arteries, but thinner walls and move blood under a lower pressure
46
Q

What is the flow of blood through veins driven by?

A
  • contraction of skeletal muscle
  • valves which prevent backflow of blood
47
Q

What does the Pulmonary Circuit do?

What are the 2 vessels that take part?

A
  • circulates blood to the lungs for gas exchange
  1. pulmonary arteries: carry blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs
  2. pulmonary veins: returns oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart
48
Q

What does the Systemic Circuit do?

What are the 2 parts that take part in it?

A
  • distributes the oxygenated blood to the body.
  1. Aorta: distributes Oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to the body
  2. Vena Cava: returns the blood to the right side of the heart
49
Q

What is a portal system?

A

one that begins and ends at capillary bed

50
Q

What are the 2 forces that control the movement of fluid through the capillary wall?

Where does each move blood?

A
  1. osmotic pressure: drives tissue fluid into the blood.
  2. blood pressure: drives fluid from blood into the tissues.
51
Q

What is hypertension?

What contributes to it?

A
  • High blood pressure
  • Genetic factors
    Lifestyle
    Presence of atherosclerosis plaques
52
Q

What is a thrombus?

A

stationary plaque buildup in blood vessel

53
Q

What is an embolus?

A

dislodged plaque in bloodstream

54
Q

How does stroke occur?

A

when an embolus blocks an arteriole or an arteriole bursts.

55
Q

What are coronary arteries?

A

vessels that provide oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.

Bio 11: Lecture Final (3 decks)

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